The development and validation of the Social Attributions for Mental Illness (SAMI) scale.

Existing measures of lay causal attributions for mental illness do not discriminate between the diverse array of social factors known to influence mental health. Moreover, while ample research has emphasised the negative stigma consequences of biological attributions, limited research investigates h...

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Main Authors: Leigh Huggard, Finiki Nearchou, Cliódhna O'Connor
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0324592
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author Leigh Huggard
Finiki Nearchou
Cliódhna O'Connor
author_facet Leigh Huggard
Finiki Nearchou
Cliódhna O'Connor
author_sort Leigh Huggard
collection DOAJ
description Existing measures of lay causal attributions for mental illness do not discriminate between the diverse array of social factors known to influence mental health. Moreover, while ample research has emphasised the negative stigma consequences of biological attributions, limited research investigates how different social attributions might relate to stigma attitudes. The study developed and validated a novel scale to measure lay social attributions for various categories of mental illness. Scale items were generated via data triangulation from an online qualitative survey, a rapid umbrella literature review, and a media analysis. An online survey was disseminated to 500 participants, who rated items' importance in causing four mental illness categories: anorexia nervosa, depression, schizophrenia, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis identified and validated the factor structure of the Social Attributions for Mental Illness scale (SAMI) for each mental illness. Factors identified were life circumstances, violence/abuse, relational challenges, and sociopolitical turmoil. Tests of validity demonstrated good construct validity. This scale enables investigation of how social attributions may differ across populations and mental illness categories, and the consequences of such differences for attitudes and behaviour.
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spelling doaj-art-d9a51003a77c42ae8945a22fd53c41f42025-08-20T03:48:27ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01205e032459210.1371/journal.pone.0324592The development and validation of the Social Attributions for Mental Illness (SAMI) scale.Leigh HuggardFiniki NearchouCliódhna O'ConnorExisting measures of lay causal attributions for mental illness do not discriminate between the diverse array of social factors known to influence mental health. Moreover, while ample research has emphasised the negative stigma consequences of biological attributions, limited research investigates how different social attributions might relate to stigma attitudes. The study developed and validated a novel scale to measure lay social attributions for various categories of mental illness. Scale items were generated via data triangulation from an online qualitative survey, a rapid umbrella literature review, and a media analysis. An online survey was disseminated to 500 participants, who rated items' importance in causing four mental illness categories: anorexia nervosa, depression, schizophrenia, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis identified and validated the factor structure of the Social Attributions for Mental Illness scale (SAMI) for each mental illness. Factors identified were life circumstances, violence/abuse, relational challenges, and sociopolitical turmoil. Tests of validity demonstrated good construct validity. This scale enables investigation of how social attributions may differ across populations and mental illness categories, and the consequences of such differences for attitudes and behaviour.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0324592
spellingShingle Leigh Huggard
Finiki Nearchou
Cliódhna O'Connor
The development and validation of the Social Attributions for Mental Illness (SAMI) scale.
PLoS ONE
title The development and validation of the Social Attributions for Mental Illness (SAMI) scale.
title_full The development and validation of the Social Attributions for Mental Illness (SAMI) scale.
title_fullStr The development and validation of the Social Attributions for Mental Illness (SAMI) scale.
title_full_unstemmed The development and validation of the Social Attributions for Mental Illness (SAMI) scale.
title_short The development and validation of the Social Attributions for Mental Illness (SAMI) scale.
title_sort development and validation of the social attributions for mental illness sami scale
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0324592
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