Cytocompatibility Analysis of in vitro Pulverized Endodontic Files
Introduction A major problem in endodontic practice is fractured endodontic files. Such occurrences may predispose to periradicular infection, resulting in treatment failure. Several techniques are used to remove the metallic fragment, but none are completely safe. This study aimed to determine, in...
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Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of the California Dental Association |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19424396.2025.2492204 |
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| author | Giuliana Soimu Gabriela Cristina Carvalho da Silva Viviane Oliveira Freitas Lione Danielle Dutra Voigt Fabiano Luiz Heggendorn |
| author_facet | Giuliana Soimu Gabriela Cristina Carvalho da Silva Viviane Oliveira Freitas Lione Danielle Dutra Voigt Fabiano Luiz Heggendorn |
| author_sort | Giuliana Soimu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction A major problem in endodontic practice is fractured endodontic files. Such occurrences may predispose to periradicular infection, resulting in treatment failure. Several techniques are used to remove the metallic fragment, but none are completely safe. This study aimed to determine, in vitro, whether pulverized endodontic files caused cytotoxicity in L929 and VERO cell lines, according to the guidelines established by ISO 10,993-5:2009.Materials and Methods Forty endodontic files, #35 and #40, Kerr-type, Maillefer (Dentsply, Tulsa, OK, US), were pulverized and distributed in increasing concentrations to determine the cytotoxicity index (IC50) of metallic particles, by using the methyl-thiazol-diphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT) test.Results In the VERO cell line the different concentrations of pulverized files ranged from moderately cytotoxic in the 25 µg L. Pulv (72.59% IC50) and 50 µg L. Pulv (59.04% IC50) groups, to slightly toxic in the groups of 5 µg L. Pulv. (87.1% IC50) and 10 µg L. Pulv. (80.52% IC50). In the L929 cell line, exposure of 5 and 10 µg. of pulverized files demonstrated a nontoxic effect, with 100% cell viability. The concentration is 25 µg/l. Pulv. showed moderate cytotoxicity (55.55% IC50) and a concentration of 50 µg/l. Pulv. revealed to be severely cytotoxic (29.96% IC50).Conclusions Increasing concentrations of metallic particles produce reduction in the cell viability, categorized as cytotoxic at concentrations of 50 µg. This suggests that separated endodontic files can cause undesirable cytotoxic effects in the periapical tissues, leading to local inflammatory processes. This may encourage clinical practitioners to remove these instruments from the root canal system and develop new strategies to achieve this goal, thereby improving the success rates of root canal treatments. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d9a43604bf8e4769a295c0e4d7ea3017 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1942-4396 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of the California Dental Association |
| spelling | doaj-art-d9a43604bf8e4769a295c0e4d7ea30172025-08-20T03:45:41ZengTaylor & Francis GroupJournal of the California Dental Association1942-43962025-12-0153110.1080/19424396.2025.2492204Cytocompatibility Analysis of in vitro Pulverized Endodontic FilesGiuliana Soimu0Gabriela Cristina Carvalho da Silva1Viviane Oliveira Freitas Lione2Danielle Dutra Voigt3Fabiano Luiz Heggendorn4Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, BrazilLaboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioassays, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, BrazilLaboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioassays, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, BrazilPost-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, BrazilPost-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, BrazilIntroduction A major problem in endodontic practice is fractured endodontic files. Such occurrences may predispose to periradicular infection, resulting in treatment failure. Several techniques are used to remove the metallic fragment, but none are completely safe. This study aimed to determine, in vitro, whether pulverized endodontic files caused cytotoxicity in L929 and VERO cell lines, according to the guidelines established by ISO 10,993-5:2009.Materials and Methods Forty endodontic files, #35 and #40, Kerr-type, Maillefer (Dentsply, Tulsa, OK, US), were pulverized and distributed in increasing concentrations to determine the cytotoxicity index (IC50) of metallic particles, by using the methyl-thiazol-diphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT) test.Results In the VERO cell line the different concentrations of pulverized files ranged from moderately cytotoxic in the 25 µg L. Pulv (72.59% IC50) and 50 µg L. Pulv (59.04% IC50) groups, to slightly toxic in the groups of 5 µg L. Pulv. (87.1% IC50) and 10 µg L. Pulv. (80.52% IC50). In the L929 cell line, exposure of 5 and 10 µg. of pulverized files demonstrated a nontoxic effect, with 100% cell viability. The concentration is 25 µg/l. Pulv. showed moderate cytotoxicity (55.55% IC50) and a concentration of 50 µg/l. Pulv. revealed to be severely cytotoxic (29.96% IC50).Conclusions Increasing concentrations of metallic particles produce reduction in the cell viability, categorized as cytotoxic at concentrations of 50 µg. This suggests that separated endodontic files can cause undesirable cytotoxic effects in the periapical tissues, leading to local inflammatory processes. This may encourage clinical practitioners to remove these instruments from the root canal system and develop new strategies to achieve this goal, thereby improving the success rates of root canal treatments.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19424396.2025.2492204Cytotoxicityendodontic instrumentstainless steelcorrosion |
| spellingShingle | Giuliana Soimu Gabriela Cristina Carvalho da Silva Viviane Oliveira Freitas Lione Danielle Dutra Voigt Fabiano Luiz Heggendorn Cytocompatibility Analysis of in vitro Pulverized Endodontic Files Journal of the California Dental Association Cytotoxicity endodontic instrument stainless steel corrosion |
| title | Cytocompatibility Analysis of in vitro Pulverized Endodontic Files |
| title_full | Cytocompatibility Analysis of in vitro Pulverized Endodontic Files |
| title_fullStr | Cytocompatibility Analysis of in vitro Pulverized Endodontic Files |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cytocompatibility Analysis of in vitro Pulverized Endodontic Files |
| title_short | Cytocompatibility Analysis of in vitro Pulverized Endodontic Files |
| title_sort | cytocompatibility analysis of in vitro pulverized endodontic files |
| topic | Cytotoxicity endodontic instrument stainless steel corrosion |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19424396.2025.2492204 |
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