Design and Performance Comparison of District Heating Systems in Milan and Riga
The work proposes a comparison between three heating configurations covering the demand of a new settlement: 1) centralized district heating system (DHC); 2) 5th generation district heating & cooling system (5GDHC) and 3) individual home heating and cooling (HHC) systems. Thermal and electrical...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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2024-01-01
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| Series: | Environmental and Climate Technologies |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2024-0048 |
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| author | Brumana Giovanni Bazbauers Gatis Franchini Giuseppe Ghirardi Elisa Rieksta Madara |
| author_facet | Brumana Giovanni Bazbauers Gatis Franchini Giuseppe Ghirardi Elisa Rieksta Madara |
| author_sort | Brumana Giovanni |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The work proposes a comparison between three heating configurations covering the demand of a new settlement: 1) centralized district heating system (DHC); 2) 5th generation district heating & cooling system (5GDHC) and 3) individual home heating and cooling (HHC) systems. Thermal and electrical loads are evaluated by transient simulations of a residential area with 80 buildings. The energy plants are based on different technologies: combined heat and power plants, gas-fired boilers, and domestic heat pumps. A transient numerical model has been developed for each solution. Every component is modelled according to performance maps provided by the manufacturers, allowing an accurate simulation in both design and off-design operating conditions. On an annual basis, the Latvian residential complex requires almost twice as much energy as the Milan one. The thermal losses in the district systems are 4.21 % in the Milan solution and 5.65 % in Riga. The district heating system coupled with a heat pump represents the best layout in terms of primary energy consumption in both locations, with energy savings of 50 % compared to other solutions. The use of 5GDHC is a good compromise that could increase the use of renewable energy. The adoption of a cogeneration plant is a good choice in the case of a centralized district system that allows the installation of high-efficiency genset. On the contrary, for small applications such as residential, the cogeneration results are expensive, and the conversion efficiency does not justify the installation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d99b8d0a56f6462283b553cbb40ecbb6 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2255-8837 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Sciendo |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environmental and Climate Technologies |
| spelling | doaj-art-d99b8d0a56f6462283b553cbb40ecbb62025-08-20T01:53:30ZengSciendoEnvironmental and Climate Technologies2255-88372024-01-0128161462610.2478/rtuect-2024-0048Design and Performance Comparison of District Heating Systems in Milan and RigaBrumana Giovanni0Bazbauers Gatis1Franchini Giuseppe2Ghirardi Elisa3Rieksta Madara4Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Bergamo, 5 Marconi Street, Dalmine 24044, ItalyInstitute of Energy Systems and Environment, Riga Technical University, Azenes street 12/1, LV-1048, LatviaDepartment of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Bergamo, 5 Marconi Street, Dalmine 24044, ItalyDepartment of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Bergamo, 5 Marconi Street, Dalmine 24044, ItalyInstitute of Energy Systems and Environment, Riga Technical University, Azenes street 12/1, LV-1048, LatviaThe work proposes a comparison between three heating configurations covering the demand of a new settlement: 1) centralized district heating system (DHC); 2) 5th generation district heating & cooling system (5GDHC) and 3) individual home heating and cooling (HHC) systems. Thermal and electrical loads are evaluated by transient simulations of a residential area with 80 buildings. The energy plants are based on different technologies: combined heat and power plants, gas-fired boilers, and domestic heat pumps. A transient numerical model has been developed for each solution. Every component is modelled according to performance maps provided by the manufacturers, allowing an accurate simulation in both design and off-design operating conditions. On an annual basis, the Latvian residential complex requires almost twice as much energy as the Milan one. The thermal losses in the district systems are 4.21 % in the Milan solution and 5.65 % in Riga. The district heating system coupled with a heat pump represents the best layout in terms of primary energy consumption in both locations, with energy savings of 50 % compared to other solutions. The use of 5GDHC is a good compromise that could increase the use of renewable energy. The adoption of a cogeneration plant is a good choice in the case of a centralized district system that allows the installation of high-efficiency genset. On the contrary, for small applications such as residential, the cogeneration results are expensive, and the conversion efficiency does not justify the installation.https://doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2024-0048cogenerationdistrict heatingheat pump5th generation district heating system |
| spellingShingle | Brumana Giovanni Bazbauers Gatis Franchini Giuseppe Ghirardi Elisa Rieksta Madara Design and Performance Comparison of District Heating Systems in Milan and Riga Environmental and Climate Technologies cogeneration district heating heat pump 5th generation district heating system |
| title | Design and Performance Comparison of District Heating Systems in Milan and Riga |
| title_full | Design and Performance Comparison of District Heating Systems in Milan and Riga |
| title_fullStr | Design and Performance Comparison of District Heating Systems in Milan and Riga |
| title_full_unstemmed | Design and Performance Comparison of District Heating Systems in Milan and Riga |
| title_short | Design and Performance Comparison of District Heating Systems in Milan and Riga |
| title_sort | design and performance comparison of district heating systems in milan and riga |
| topic | cogeneration district heating heat pump 5th generation district heating system |
| url | https://doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2024-0048 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT brumanagiovanni designandperformancecomparisonofdistrictheatingsystemsinmilanandriga AT bazbauersgatis designandperformancecomparisonofdistrictheatingsystemsinmilanandriga AT franchinigiuseppe designandperformancecomparisonofdistrictheatingsystemsinmilanandriga AT ghirardielisa designandperformancecomparisonofdistrictheatingsystemsinmilanandriga AT riekstamadara designandperformancecomparisonofdistrictheatingsystemsinmilanandriga |