Subarachnoid hemorrhage as the initial imaging finding of atrial-esophageal Fistula: a case report highlighting diagnostic challenges

Atrial-esophageal fistula (AEF) is a rare but life-threatening complication after catheter ablation. Neurological deficits represent the second most common clinical manifestation associated with AEF; however, diagnosis is often delayed because initial symptoms can be atypical and easily overlooked....

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Main Authors: Siwei Chen, Wei Sun, Yongan Sun, Lanqiu Yao, Qing Peng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2025.1594763/full
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author Siwei Chen
Wei Sun
Yongan Sun
Lanqiu Yao
Qing Peng
author_facet Siwei Chen
Wei Sun
Yongan Sun
Lanqiu Yao
Qing Peng
author_sort Siwei Chen
collection DOAJ
description Atrial-esophageal fistula (AEF) is a rare but life-threatening complication after catheter ablation. Neurological deficits represent the second most common clinical manifestation associated with AEF; however, diagnosis is often delayed because initial symptoms can be atypical and easily overlooked. Here we reported a case involving a 51-year-old male who presented with fever and headache three weeks after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Initial cranial computed tomography (CT) showed right frontal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) without aneurysm. As the patient's condition deteriorates, repeated imaging demonstrates worsening SAH, cerebral air emboli, and air signals in the left atrium. This case highlights the importance of considering AEF in patients with neurological deficits and recent cardiac ablation, even when initial imaging findings are atypical.
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publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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series Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
spelling doaj-art-d99019bf19674fadb54c1bc13628a92e2025-08-20T03:12:09ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine2297-055X2025-07-011210.3389/fcvm.2025.15947631594763Subarachnoid hemorrhage as the initial imaging finding of atrial-esophageal Fistula: a case report highlighting diagnostic challengesSiwei Chen0Wei Sun1Yongan Sun2Lanqiu Yao3Qing Peng4Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United StatesDepartment of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, ChinaAtrial-esophageal fistula (AEF) is a rare but life-threatening complication after catheter ablation. Neurological deficits represent the second most common clinical manifestation associated with AEF; however, diagnosis is often delayed because initial symptoms can be atypical and easily overlooked. Here we reported a case involving a 51-year-old male who presented with fever and headache three weeks after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Initial cranial computed tomography (CT) showed right frontal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) without aneurysm. As the patient's condition deteriorates, repeated imaging demonstrates worsening SAH, cerebral air emboli, and air signals in the left atrium. This case highlights the importance of considering AEF in patients with neurological deficits and recent cardiac ablation, even when initial imaging findings are atypical.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2025.1594763/fullatrial-esophageal fistulasubarachnoid hemorrhagecatheter ablation complicationsdelayed diagnosiscerebral air embolism
spellingShingle Siwei Chen
Wei Sun
Yongan Sun
Lanqiu Yao
Qing Peng
Subarachnoid hemorrhage as the initial imaging finding of atrial-esophageal Fistula: a case report highlighting diagnostic challenges
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
atrial-esophageal fistula
subarachnoid hemorrhage
catheter ablation complications
delayed diagnosis
cerebral air embolism
title Subarachnoid hemorrhage as the initial imaging finding of atrial-esophageal Fistula: a case report highlighting diagnostic challenges
title_full Subarachnoid hemorrhage as the initial imaging finding of atrial-esophageal Fistula: a case report highlighting diagnostic challenges
title_fullStr Subarachnoid hemorrhage as the initial imaging finding of atrial-esophageal Fistula: a case report highlighting diagnostic challenges
title_full_unstemmed Subarachnoid hemorrhage as the initial imaging finding of atrial-esophageal Fistula: a case report highlighting diagnostic challenges
title_short Subarachnoid hemorrhage as the initial imaging finding of atrial-esophageal Fistula: a case report highlighting diagnostic challenges
title_sort subarachnoid hemorrhage as the initial imaging finding of atrial esophageal fistula a case report highlighting diagnostic challenges
topic atrial-esophageal fistula
subarachnoid hemorrhage
catheter ablation complications
delayed diagnosis
cerebral air embolism
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2025.1594763/full
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