Secure state estimation and control for autonomous ships under cyberattacks

As the adoption of autonomous ships increases, their vulnerability to cyberattacks, particularly sensor attacks, has become a growing concern that threatens operational safety and efficiency. In response to this challenge, this paper presents a novel adaptive observer method designed to assess and q...

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Main Authors: Agus Hasan, Ivan Kuncara, Augie Widyotriatmo, Ottar Osen, Robin T. Bye
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Systems Science & Control Engineering
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21642583.2025.2518964
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author Agus Hasan
Ivan Kuncara
Augie Widyotriatmo
Ottar Osen
Robin T. Bye
author_facet Agus Hasan
Ivan Kuncara
Augie Widyotriatmo
Ottar Osen
Robin T. Bye
author_sort Agus Hasan
collection DOAJ
description As the adoption of autonomous ships increases, their vulnerability to cyberattacks, particularly sensor attacks, has become a growing concern that threatens operational safety and efficiency. In response to this challenge, this paper presents a novel adaptive observer method designed to assess and quantify the severity of cyberattacks on autonomous ships. The proposed method operates in discrete-time and is specifically tailored to achieve simultaneous estimation of both the system's states and the size of the attack signals. The core of this approach is built upon two key principles: first, filtering the sensor measurements to isolate attack-related anomalies, and second, augmenting the measurement equation within the state-space representation to accommodate the effects of these attacks. This dual framework provides significant advantages over existing techniques, offering enhanced accuracy in estimating both system states and attack magnitudes. The methodology not only strengthens the resilience of autonomous ships against cyber threats but also paves the way for improved control strategies to mitigate the impact of such attacks, ultimately ensuring safer and more reliable autonomous maritime operations.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2164-2583
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publishDate 2025-12-01
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series Systems Science & Control Engineering
spelling doaj-art-d98e5e0807ba4ec3b3a2c4be99028c2e2025-08-20T03:32:24ZengTaylor & Francis GroupSystems Science & Control Engineering2164-25832025-12-0113110.1080/21642583.2025.2518964Secure state estimation and control for autonomous ships under cyberattacksAgus Hasan0Ivan Kuncara1Augie Widyotriatmo2Ottar Osen3Robin T. Bye4Department of ICT and Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Ålesund, NorwayDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South KoreaInstrumentation and Control Research Group, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, IndonesiaDepartment of ICT and Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Ålesund, NorwayDepartment of ICT and Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Ålesund, NorwayAs the adoption of autonomous ships increases, their vulnerability to cyberattacks, particularly sensor attacks, has become a growing concern that threatens operational safety and efficiency. In response to this challenge, this paper presents a novel adaptive observer method designed to assess and quantify the severity of cyberattacks on autonomous ships. The proposed method operates in discrete-time and is specifically tailored to achieve simultaneous estimation of both the system's states and the size of the attack signals. The core of this approach is built upon two key principles: first, filtering the sensor measurements to isolate attack-related anomalies, and second, augmenting the measurement equation within the state-space representation to accommodate the effects of these attacks. This dual framework provides significant advantages over existing techniques, offering enhanced accuracy in estimating both system states and attack magnitudes. The methodology not only strengthens the resilience of autonomous ships against cyber threats but also paves the way for improved control strategies to mitigate the impact of such attacks, ultimately ensuring safer and more reliable autonomous maritime operations.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21642583.2025.2518964Autonomous shipscyberattacksadaptive observer
spellingShingle Agus Hasan
Ivan Kuncara
Augie Widyotriatmo
Ottar Osen
Robin T. Bye
Secure state estimation and control for autonomous ships under cyberattacks
Systems Science & Control Engineering
Autonomous ships
cyberattacks
adaptive observer
title Secure state estimation and control for autonomous ships under cyberattacks
title_full Secure state estimation and control for autonomous ships under cyberattacks
title_fullStr Secure state estimation and control for autonomous ships under cyberattacks
title_full_unstemmed Secure state estimation and control for autonomous ships under cyberattacks
title_short Secure state estimation and control for autonomous ships under cyberattacks
title_sort secure state estimation and control for autonomous ships under cyberattacks
topic Autonomous ships
cyberattacks
adaptive observer
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21642583.2025.2518964
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AT augiewidyotriatmo securestateestimationandcontrolforautonomousshipsundercyberattacks
AT ottarosen securestateestimationandcontrolforautonomousshipsundercyberattacks
AT robintbye securestateestimationandcontrolforautonomousshipsundercyberattacks