Identification and prioritisation of biomarkers of organophosphorus compounds-induced neurotoxicity
Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs), a diverse group of chemicals widely utilised as pesticides and flame retardants, pose significant neurotoxic risks, even during neurodevelopment. While their primary molecular and cellular targets are well characterised, growing evidence suggest additional mechanis...
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Elsevier
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Environment International |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412025001977 |
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| author | Antonio F. Hernández Marina Lacasaña Helena Garcia-Cortés Mariana F. Fernández Beatriz Gozález-Alzaga |
| author_facet | Antonio F. Hernández Marina Lacasaña Helena Garcia-Cortés Mariana F. Fernández Beatriz Gozález-Alzaga |
| author_sort | Antonio F. Hernández |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs), a diverse group of chemicals widely utilised as pesticides and flame retardants, pose significant neurotoxic risks, even during neurodevelopment. While their primary molecular and cellular targets are well characterised, growing evidence suggest additional mechanisms, particularly in developmental neurotoxicity. Despite extensive research, predictive biomarkers of OPC-induced neurotoxicity beyond acetylcholinesterase remain underexplored. This study conducted a comprehensive review of epidemiological, in vivo, and in vitro evidence to identify and prioritise biomarkers associated with OPC-induced neurotoxicity. Findings highlight the critical roles of non-cholinergic mechanisms, including neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and epigenetic modifications. Biomarkers were categorised based on their biological function, mechanistic relevance, and feasibility for early, non-invasive detection. Current research efforts focus on validating sensitive and reliable biomarkers capable of predicting and monitoring nervous system damage and severity. Growing attention is being directed toward non-invasive biomarkers that correlate with behavioural, neuropathological, and imaging outcomes. This review addresses two main aspects. The first provides an overview of established and emerging biomarkers for assessing neurotoxicity in the general population and in individuals occupationally exposed to OPC. The second evaluates molecular biomarkers prioritised based on scientific robustness, clinical relevance, and regulatory applicability. A structured ranking of biomarkers across different levels of biological organisation is proposed to enhance mechanistic understanding and improve risk assessment. This study underscores the need for a standardised biomarker framework for neurotoxicity risk assessment and regulatory decision-making. Implementing these biomarkers in biomonitoring for predictive purposes will facilitate early detection and prevention strategies, ultimately mitigating neurotoxic effects in exposed individuals. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d9778092ab534bd5bdb8f04610d8d2ab |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 0160-4120 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environment International |
| spelling | doaj-art-d9778092ab534bd5bdb8f04610d8d2ab2025-08-20T03:18:31ZengElsevierEnvironment International0160-41202025-05-0119910944610.1016/j.envint.2025.109446Identification and prioritisation of biomarkers of organophosphorus compounds-induced neurotoxicityAntonio F. Hernández0Marina Lacasaña1Helena Garcia-Cortés2Mariana F. Fernández3Beatriz Gozález-Alzaga4Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Corresponding authors.Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), 18011 Granada, Spain; Andalusian Health and Environment Observatory (OSMAN), Granada, Spain; Corresponding authors.Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), 18011 Granada, SpainInstituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada 18016 Granada, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada 18016 Granada, SpainInstituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), 18011 Granada, SpainOrganophosphorus compounds (OPCs), a diverse group of chemicals widely utilised as pesticides and flame retardants, pose significant neurotoxic risks, even during neurodevelopment. While their primary molecular and cellular targets are well characterised, growing evidence suggest additional mechanisms, particularly in developmental neurotoxicity. Despite extensive research, predictive biomarkers of OPC-induced neurotoxicity beyond acetylcholinesterase remain underexplored. This study conducted a comprehensive review of epidemiological, in vivo, and in vitro evidence to identify and prioritise biomarkers associated with OPC-induced neurotoxicity. Findings highlight the critical roles of non-cholinergic mechanisms, including neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and epigenetic modifications. Biomarkers were categorised based on their biological function, mechanistic relevance, and feasibility for early, non-invasive detection. Current research efforts focus on validating sensitive and reliable biomarkers capable of predicting and monitoring nervous system damage and severity. Growing attention is being directed toward non-invasive biomarkers that correlate with behavioural, neuropathological, and imaging outcomes. This review addresses two main aspects. The first provides an overview of established and emerging biomarkers for assessing neurotoxicity in the general population and in individuals occupationally exposed to OPC. The second evaluates molecular biomarkers prioritised based on scientific robustness, clinical relevance, and regulatory applicability. A structured ranking of biomarkers across different levels of biological organisation is proposed to enhance mechanistic understanding and improve risk assessment. This study underscores the need for a standardised biomarker framework for neurotoxicity risk assessment and regulatory decision-making. Implementing these biomarkers in biomonitoring for predictive purposes will facilitate early detection and prevention strategies, ultimately mitigating neurotoxic effects in exposed individuals.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412025001977Organophosphate compoundsPesticidesFlame retardantsEffect biomarkersNeurotoxicityBehavioural endpoints |
| spellingShingle | Antonio F. Hernández Marina Lacasaña Helena Garcia-Cortés Mariana F. Fernández Beatriz Gozález-Alzaga Identification and prioritisation of biomarkers of organophosphorus compounds-induced neurotoxicity Environment International Organophosphate compounds Pesticides Flame retardants Effect biomarkers Neurotoxicity Behavioural endpoints |
| title | Identification and prioritisation of biomarkers of organophosphorus compounds-induced neurotoxicity |
| title_full | Identification and prioritisation of biomarkers of organophosphorus compounds-induced neurotoxicity |
| title_fullStr | Identification and prioritisation of biomarkers of organophosphorus compounds-induced neurotoxicity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification and prioritisation of biomarkers of organophosphorus compounds-induced neurotoxicity |
| title_short | Identification and prioritisation of biomarkers of organophosphorus compounds-induced neurotoxicity |
| title_sort | identification and prioritisation of biomarkers of organophosphorus compounds induced neurotoxicity |
| topic | Organophosphate compounds Pesticides Flame retardants Effect biomarkers Neurotoxicity Behavioural endpoints |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412025001977 |
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