Effect of ground copper slag on the fresh properties of 3d printed cementitious composites
Abstract 3D printing is becoming increasingly popular in the construction sector. 3D printing offers the potential to reduce costs, construction time and construction waste. However, due to its high cement content, 3D printable concrete more expensive to produce. The article includes a brief literat...
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| Format: | Article |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02996-8 |
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| author | Martyna Nieświec Adrian Chajec Branko Šavija |
| author_facet | Martyna Nieświec Adrian Chajec Branko Šavija |
| author_sort | Martyna Nieświec |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract 3D printing is becoming increasingly popular in the construction sector. 3D printing offers the potential to reduce costs, construction time and construction waste. However, due to its high cement content, 3D printable concrete more expensive to produce. The article includes a brief literature survey on the possibility of using cement and aggregate substitutes in concrete mixtures and their impact on fresh composite properties and identifies a research gap. Herein, we propose the use of waste copper slag as a replacement for cement in 3D printable concrete. We examine the effect of replacing cement with copper slag at 5 and 10% on fresh properties of cementitious mortar. The results show that copper slag improves the workability of the mixture and lowers the design yield strength up to 44%, thereby facilitating printing. Even 30% higher fresh compressive strengths were also obtained, which suggest that the buildability of mortars containing copper slag will be improved. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d972cd6013e340f8a5256ac8d870dc3c |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-d972cd6013e340f8a5256ac8d870dc3c2025-08-20T01:53:22ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111510.1038/s41598-025-02996-8Effect of ground copper slag on the fresh properties of 3d printed cementitious compositesMartyna Nieświec0Adrian Chajec1Branko Šavija2Department of Materials Engineering and Construction Processes, Wroclaw University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Materials Engineering and Construction Processes, Wroclaw University of Science and TechnologyFaculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of TechnologyAbstract 3D printing is becoming increasingly popular in the construction sector. 3D printing offers the potential to reduce costs, construction time and construction waste. However, due to its high cement content, 3D printable concrete more expensive to produce. The article includes a brief literature survey on the possibility of using cement and aggregate substitutes in concrete mixtures and their impact on fresh composite properties and identifies a research gap. Herein, we propose the use of waste copper slag as a replacement for cement in 3D printable concrete. We examine the effect of replacing cement with copper slag at 5 and 10% on fresh properties of cementitious mortar. The results show that copper slag improves the workability of the mixture and lowers the design yield strength up to 44%, thereby facilitating printing. Even 30% higher fresh compressive strengths were also obtained, which suggest that the buildability of mortars containing copper slag will be improved.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02996-83D printable mortarCopper slagSustainabilityFresh state compressive strengthWorkabilitySlug test |
| spellingShingle | Martyna Nieświec Adrian Chajec Branko Šavija Effect of ground copper slag on the fresh properties of 3d printed cementitious composites Scientific Reports 3D printable mortar Copper slag Sustainability Fresh state compressive strength Workability Slug test |
| title | Effect of ground copper slag on the fresh properties of 3d printed cementitious composites |
| title_full | Effect of ground copper slag on the fresh properties of 3d printed cementitious composites |
| title_fullStr | Effect of ground copper slag on the fresh properties of 3d printed cementitious composites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of ground copper slag on the fresh properties of 3d printed cementitious composites |
| title_short | Effect of ground copper slag on the fresh properties of 3d printed cementitious composites |
| title_sort | effect of ground copper slag on the fresh properties of 3d printed cementitious composites |
| topic | 3D printable mortar Copper slag Sustainability Fresh state compressive strength Workability Slug test |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02996-8 |
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