The Assessment of Natural Biomineral Leonardite on Growth and Pigmentation of Goldfish, <i>Carassius auratus</i>
In this study, the impact of leonardite as a feed additive in goldfish diets was examined, focusing on its potential to positively influence feed and water parameters, which are critical for achieving sustainable ornamental fish farming. In this study, goldfish were fed diets containing four differe...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| author | Dilek Şahin Meryem Öz Ünal Öz |
| author_facet | Dilek Şahin Meryem Öz Ünal Öz |
| author_sort | Dilek Şahin |
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| description | In this study, the impact of leonardite as a feed additive in goldfish diets was examined, focusing on its potential to positively influence feed and water parameters, which are critical for achieving sustainable ornamental fish farming. In this study, goldfish were fed diets containing four different levels of leonardite (0%, 2%, 6%, 10%). The experiment was conducted in 12 tanks with 3 replicates per treatment and lasted for 3 months. The fish, which were provided from the Research, Production and Training Institute, with an average live weight of 0.947 ± 0.03 g and an average length of 1.12 ± 0.02 cm, were used. After 90 days, it was observed that the specific growth rates increased in correlation with the amount of leonardite in the diet, with a statistically significant difference identified (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In this study, which investigated the coloration of fish with leonardite added to the feed for the first time, it was determined that the color of the fish approached from yellow to orange as the amount of leonardite added to the feed increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Given the positive effects observed on pigmentation and growth in this study, it is recommended that further detailed investigations be conducted on leonardite, a natural, harmless, and cost-effective additive, using different fish species. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d9664d6cc8f9406da2e5742c298762f5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj-art-d9664d6cc8f9406da2e5742c298762f52025-01-24T13:38:41ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292025-01-011517410.3390/life15010074The Assessment of Natural Biomineral Leonardite on Growth and Pigmentation of Goldfish, <i>Carassius auratus</i>Dilek Şahin0Meryem Öz1Ünal Öz2Vocational School, Sinop University, 57000 Sinop, TurkeyFisheries Faculty, Sinop University, 57000 Sinop, TurkeyFisheries Faculty, Sinop University, 57000 Sinop, TurkeyIn this study, the impact of leonardite as a feed additive in goldfish diets was examined, focusing on its potential to positively influence feed and water parameters, which are critical for achieving sustainable ornamental fish farming. In this study, goldfish were fed diets containing four different levels of leonardite (0%, 2%, 6%, 10%). The experiment was conducted in 12 tanks with 3 replicates per treatment and lasted for 3 months. The fish, which were provided from the Research, Production and Training Institute, with an average live weight of 0.947 ± 0.03 g and an average length of 1.12 ± 0.02 cm, were used. After 90 days, it was observed that the specific growth rates increased in correlation with the amount of leonardite in the diet, with a statistically significant difference identified (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In this study, which investigated the coloration of fish with leonardite added to the feed for the first time, it was determined that the color of the fish approached from yellow to orange as the amount of leonardite added to the feed increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Given the positive effects observed on pigmentation and growth in this study, it is recommended that further detailed investigations be conducted on leonardite, a natural, harmless, and cost-effective additive, using different fish species.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/1/74ornamental fishleonarditepigmentationfeed additivewater conditioners |
| spellingShingle | Dilek Şahin Meryem Öz Ünal Öz The Assessment of Natural Biomineral Leonardite on Growth and Pigmentation of Goldfish, <i>Carassius auratus</i> Life ornamental fish leonardite pigmentation feed additive water conditioners |
| title | The Assessment of Natural Biomineral Leonardite on Growth and Pigmentation of Goldfish, <i>Carassius auratus</i> |
| title_full | The Assessment of Natural Biomineral Leonardite on Growth and Pigmentation of Goldfish, <i>Carassius auratus</i> |
| title_fullStr | The Assessment of Natural Biomineral Leonardite on Growth and Pigmentation of Goldfish, <i>Carassius auratus</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Assessment of Natural Biomineral Leonardite on Growth and Pigmentation of Goldfish, <i>Carassius auratus</i> |
| title_short | The Assessment of Natural Biomineral Leonardite on Growth and Pigmentation of Goldfish, <i>Carassius auratus</i> |
| title_sort | assessment of natural biomineral leonardite on growth and pigmentation of goldfish i carassius auratus i |
| topic | ornamental fish leonardite pigmentation feed additive water conditioners |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/1/74 |
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