Saliva-Based Biomarkers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using OMICS Technologies: A Systematic Review

(1) Background: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a major public health challenge worldwide, with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) being the predominant form. Despite advances in treatment, OSCC remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality due to delayed diagnosis and limited therapeutic efficacy...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Fariba Esperouz, Domenico Ciavarella, Andrea Santarelli, Mauro Lorusso, Lorenzo Lo Muzio, Luigi Laino, Lucio Lo Russo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-07-01
Series:Oral
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6373/4/3/24
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850259925707522048
author Fariba Esperouz
Domenico Ciavarella
Andrea Santarelli
Mauro Lorusso
Lorenzo Lo Muzio
Luigi Laino
Lucio Lo Russo
author_facet Fariba Esperouz
Domenico Ciavarella
Andrea Santarelli
Mauro Lorusso
Lorenzo Lo Muzio
Luigi Laino
Lucio Lo Russo
author_sort Fariba Esperouz
collection DOAJ
description (1) Background: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a major public health challenge worldwide, with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) being the predominant form. Despite advances in treatment, OSCC remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality due to delayed diagnosis and limited therapeutic efficacy. This study reviews omics technologies to assess new salivary biomarkers for the early detection of OSCC. (2) Methods: A comprehensive literature search in the last 20 years identified four relevant studies focusing on salivary biomarkers in OSCC. (3) Results: Proteomic and genomic analyses revealed significant changes in salivary composition between OSCC patients and healthy controls, suggesting promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. However, studies showed varying degrees of bias, indicating the need for further research and improved standardization. (4) Conclusions: Saliva, with its advantages of ease of collection, minimal invasiveness, and potential for large-scale screening, is an emerging promising substrate for non-invasive biomarker research. Nonetheless, there is a need for improved biomarker sensitivity and specificity; currently, histological examination remains the golden standard.
format Article
id doaj-art-d963707dbb694419a0ffc52cab7021c4
institution OA Journals
issn 2673-6373
language English
publishDate 2024-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Oral
spelling doaj-art-d963707dbb694419a0ffc52cab7021c42025-08-20T01:55:45ZengMDPI AGOral2673-63732024-07-014329330210.3390/oral4030024Saliva-Based Biomarkers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using OMICS Technologies: A Systematic ReviewFariba Esperouz0Domenico Ciavarella1Andrea Santarelli2Mauro Lorusso3Lorenzo Lo Muzio4Luigi Laino5Lucio Lo Russo6Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, ItalyDepartment of Clinic Specialistic and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60122 Ancona, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, ItalyMultidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy(1) Background: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a major public health challenge worldwide, with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) being the predominant form. Despite advances in treatment, OSCC remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality due to delayed diagnosis and limited therapeutic efficacy. This study reviews omics technologies to assess new salivary biomarkers for the early detection of OSCC. (2) Methods: A comprehensive literature search in the last 20 years identified four relevant studies focusing on salivary biomarkers in OSCC. (3) Results: Proteomic and genomic analyses revealed significant changes in salivary composition between OSCC patients and healthy controls, suggesting promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. However, studies showed varying degrees of bias, indicating the need for further research and improved standardization. (4) Conclusions: Saliva, with its advantages of ease of collection, minimal invasiveness, and potential for large-scale screening, is an emerging promising substrate for non-invasive biomarker research. Nonetheless, there is a need for improved biomarker sensitivity and specificity; currently, histological examination remains the golden standard.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6373/4/3/24salivabiomarkersOSCCproteomicsgenomicsliquid biopsy
spellingShingle Fariba Esperouz
Domenico Ciavarella
Andrea Santarelli
Mauro Lorusso
Lorenzo Lo Muzio
Luigi Laino
Lucio Lo Russo
Saliva-Based Biomarkers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using OMICS Technologies: A Systematic Review
Oral
saliva
biomarkers
OSCC
proteomics
genomics
liquid biopsy
title Saliva-Based Biomarkers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using OMICS Technologies: A Systematic Review
title_full Saliva-Based Biomarkers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using OMICS Technologies: A Systematic Review
title_fullStr Saliva-Based Biomarkers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using OMICS Technologies: A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed Saliva-Based Biomarkers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using OMICS Technologies: A Systematic Review
title_short Saliva-Based Biomarkers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using OMICS Technologies: A Systematic Review
title_sort saliva based biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma using omics technologies a systematic review
topic saliva
biomarkers
OSCC
proteomics
genomics
liquid biopsy
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6373/4/3/24
work_keys_str_mv AT faribaesperouz salivabasedbiomarkersinoralsquamouscellcarcinomausingomicstechnologiesasystematicreview
AT domenicociavarella salivabasedbiomarkersinoralsquamouscellcarcinomausingomicstechnologiesasystematicreview
AT andreasantarelli salivabasedbiomarkersinoralsquamouscellcarcinomausingomicstechnologiesasystematicreview
AT maurolorusso salivabasedbiomarkersinoralsquamouscellcarcinomausingomicstechnologiesasystematicreview
AT lorenzolomuzio salivabasedbiomarkersinoralsquamouscellcarcinomausingomicstechnologiesasystematicreview
AT luigilaino salivabasedbiomarkersinoralsquamouscellcarcinomausingomicstechnologiesasystematicreview
AT luciolorusso salivabasedbiomarkersinoralsquamouscellcarcinomausingomicstechnologiesasystematicreview