Leptospirosis Complicated by Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a Child: A Rare Association
Aims and background: Leptospirosis is caused by spirochetes of the genus <italic>Leptospira</italic>. In most patients, it is a very mild illness. However, some patients develop complications due to the involvement of multiple organ systems. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is ch...
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Jaypee Brothers Medical Publisher
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Pediatric Infectious Disease |
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| Online Access: | https://www.pidjournal.com/doi/PID/pdf/10.5005/jp-journals-10081-1446 |
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| author | Madhumita Nandi Swarupananda Bera |
| author_facet | Madhumita Nandi Swarupananda Bera |
| author_sort | Madhumita Nandi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aims and background: Leptospirosis is caused by spirochetes of the genus <italic>Leptospira</italic>. In most patients, it is a very mild illness. However, some patients develop complications due to the involvement of multiple organ systems. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is characterized by prolonged fever, hepatosplenomegaly and cytopenias, hyperferritinemia and hypertriglyceridemia, hypofibrinogenemia, and hemophagocytosis in lymphoreticular system. It may occur primarily as a result of some genetic predisposition or secondarily associated with certain infections, autoimmune, and malignant conditions [secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH)].
Case description: We report a 9-year-old girl with secondary HLH associated with Leptospira infection treated successfully with appropriate antibiotics and intravenous immunoglobulin.
Conclusion: Progressive cytopenia associated with deteriorating clinical condition with recurrence or nonabatement of fever should lead the clinician to suspect sHLH.
Clinical significance: Leptospirosis precipitating HLH has rarely been reported. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d96336b07e74415ba2d44fd2cd8723b0 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2582-4988 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Jaypee Brothers Medical Publisher |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pediatric Infectious Disease |
| spelling | doaj-art-d96336b07e74415ba2d44fd2cd8723b02025-08-20T02:16:45ZengJaypee Brothers Medical PublisherPediatric Infectious Disease2582-49882025-01-0171272910.5005/jp-journals-10081-14468Leptospirosis Complicated by Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a Child: A Rare AssociationMadhumita Nandi0Swarupananda Bera1Madhumita Nandi, Department of Paediatrics, North Bengal Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, Phone: +91 9433166790Department of Paediatrics, North Bengal Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaAims and background: Leptospirosis is caused by spirochetes of the genus <italic>Leptospira</italic>. In most patients, it is a very mild illness. However, some patients develop complications due to the involvement of multiple organ systems. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is characterized by prolonged fever, hepatosplenomegaly and cytopenias, hyperferritinemia and hypertriglyceridemia, hypofibrinogenemia, and hemophagocytosis in lymphoreticular system. It may occur primarily as a result of some genetic predisposition or secondarily associated with certain infections, autoimmune, and malignant conditions [secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH)]. Case description: We report a 9-year-old girl with secondary HLH associated with Leptospira infection treated successfully with appropriate antibiotics and intravenous immunoglobulin. Conclusion: Progressive cytopenia associated with deteriorating clinical condition with recurrence or nonabatement of fever should lead the clinician to suspect sHLH. Clinical significance: Leptospirosis precipitating HLH has rarely been reported.https://www.pidjournal.com/doi/PID/pdf/10.5005/jp-journals-10081-1446case reporthemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosisleptospirosissecondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis |
| spellingShingle | Madhumita Nandi Swarupananda Bera Leptospirosis Complicated by Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a Child: A Rare Association Pediatric Infectious Disease case report hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis leptospirosis secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis |
| title | Leptospirosis Complicated by Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a Child: A Rare Association |
| title_full | Leptospirosis Complicated by Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a Child: A Rare Association |
| title_fullStr | Leptospirosis Complicated by Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a Child: A Rare Association |
| title_full_unstemmed | Leptospirosis Complicated by Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a Child: A Rare Association |
| title_short | Leptospirosis Complicated by Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a Child: A Rare Association |
| title_sort | leptospirosis complicated by secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a child a rare association |
| topic | case report hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis leptospirosis secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis |
| url | https://www.pidjournal.com/doi/PID/pdf/10.5005/jp-journals-10081-1446 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT madhumitanandi leptospirosiscomplicatedbysecondaryhemophagocyticlymphohistiocytosisinachildarareassociation AT swarupanandabera leptospirosiscomplicatedbysecondaryhemophagocyticlymphohistiocytosisinachildarareassociation |