Ginsenoside Rg5 alleviates hypoxia-induced myocardial apoptosis by targeting STAT3 to promote Tyr705 phosphorylation

Abstract Background The heart, as the body's blood-pumping organ, is extremely sensitive to changes in oxygen levels. Myocardial injury caused by hypoxia is a challenging issue, and there are currently no definitive specific drugs available for its treatment. Ginsenoside Rg5, one of the main ra...

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Main Authors: Fang-yang Li, Yi-hao Wang, Cheng Zhang, Wan-yun Dang, Ze-kun Wu, Zhen-hui Wu, Jia-lu Cui, Xiang-jun Wu, Chun-qi Yang, Xue-cong Tian, Cheng-rong Xiao, Yu-guang Wang, Yue Gao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:Chinese Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-025-01128-8
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author Fang-yang Li
Yi-hao Wang
Cheng Zhang
Wan-yun Dang
Ze-kun Wu
Zhen-hui Wu
Jia-lu Cui
Xiang-jun Wu
Chun-qi Yang
Xue-cong Tian
Cheng-rong Xiao
Yu-guang Wang
Yue Gao
author_facet Fang-yang Li
Yi-hao Wang
Cheng Zhang
Wan-yun Dang
Ze-kun Wu
Zhen-hui Wu
Jia-lu Cui
Xiang-jun Wu
Chun-qi Yang
Xue-cong Tian
Cheng-rong Xiao
Yu-guang Wang
Yue Gao
author_sort Fang-yang Li
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The heart, as the body's blood-pumping organ, is extremely sensitive to changes in oxygen levels. Myocardial injury caused by hypoxia is a challenging issue, and there are currently no definitive specific drugs available for its treatment. Ginsenoside Rg5, one of the main rare saponins in ginseng, has shown significant efficacy in treating myocardial injury. This study aims to investigate the role and mechanisms of Rg5 in the treatment of hypoxic myocardial injury. Methods The cardioprotective effect against acute hypoxia of Rg5 was studied by assessing heart function, myocardial injury markers, inflammation, and oxidative stress in C57 mice, as well as apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Thermal proteome and target validation techniques were used to confirm the target protein of Rg5. The further protective mechanisms against hypoxia-induced damage were explored using immunocoprecipitation, immunofluorescence and rescue experiments in vivo and in vitro. Results The experimental results demonstrated that Rg5 effectively improved cardiac function in mice, reduced inflammation, oxidative stress, and the release of myocardial injury markers, decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and lowered ROS levels. Further, using target protein screening and validation techniques, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was verified as a direct target for Rg5's cardioprotective effect. It was observed that Rg5 specifically promoted the phosphorylation of Tyr705 in STAT3 via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, leading to the translocation of phosphorylated STAT3 into the nucleus where they induce the expression of anti-apoptotic protein and protect cells from hypoxic damage. Conclusion Rg5 could be a potential therapeutic agent for preventing and treating myocardial hypoxic injury, providing scientific evidence for its application in anti-hypoxic therapy.
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spelling doaj-art-d95ce1745b304d4dbe611c4b96544ccc2025-08-20T02:06:36ZengBMCChinese Medicine1749-85462025-06-0120112210.1186/s13020-025-01128-8Ginsenoside Rg5 alleviates hypoxia-induced myocardial apoptosis by targeting STAT3 to promote Tyr705 phosphorylationFang-yang Li0Yi-hao Wang1Cheng Zhang2Wan-yun Dang3Ze-kun Wu4Zhen-hui Wu5Jia-lu Cui6Xiang-jun Wu7Chun-qi Yang8Xue-cong Tian9Cheng-rong Xiao10Yu-guang Wang11Yue Gao12School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineSchool of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversitySchool of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversitySchool of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineSchool of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityAbstract Background The heart, as the body's blood-pumping organ, is extremely sensitive to changes in oxygen levels. Myocardial injury caused by hypoxia is a challenging issue, and there are currently no definitive specific drugs available for its treatment. Ginsenoside Rg5, one of the main rare saponins in ginseng, has shown significant efficacy in treating myocardial injury. This study aims to investigate the role and mechanisms of Rg5 in the treatment of hypoxic myocardial injury. Methods The cardioprotective effect against acute hypoxia of Rg5 was studied by assessing heart function, myocardial injury markers, inflammation, and oxidative stress in C57 mice, as well as apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Thermal proteome and target validation techniques were used to confirm the target protein of Rg5. The further protective mechanisms against hypoxia-induced damage were explored using immunocoprecipitation, immunofluorescence and rescue experiments in vivo and in vitro. Results The experimental results demonstrated that Rg5 effectively improved cardiac function in mice, reduced inflammation, oxidative stress, and the release of myocardial injury markers, decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and lowered ROS levels. Further, using target protein screening and validation techniques, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was verified as a direct target for Rg5's cardioprotective effect. It was observed that Rg5 specifically promoted the phosphorylation of Tyr705 in STAT3 via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, leading to the translocation of phosphorylated STAT3 into the nucleus where they induce the expression of anti-apoptotic protein and protect cells from hypoxic damage. Conclusion Rg5 could be a potential therapeutic agent for preventing and treating myocardial hypoxic injury, providing scientific evidence for its application in anti-hypoxic therapy.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-025-01128-8Ginsenoside Rg5Stat3Tyr705 phosphorylationHypoxiaMyocardial apoptosis
spellingShingle Fang-yang Li
Yi-hao Wang
Cheng Zhang
Wan-yun Dang
Ze-kun Wu
Zhen-hui Wu
Jia-lu Cui
Xiang-jun Wu
Chun-qi Yang
Xue-cong Tian
Cheng-rong Xiao
Yu-guang Wang
Yue Gao
Ginsenoside Rg5 alleviates hypoxia-induced myocardial apoptosis by targeting STAT3 to promote Tyr705 phosphorylation
Chinese Medicine
Ginsenoside Rg5
Stat3
Tyr705 phosphorylation
Hypoxia
Myocardial apoptosis
title Ginsenoside Rg5 alleviates hypoxia-induced myocardial apoptosis by targeting STAT3 to promote Tyr705 phosphorylation
title_full Ginsenoside Rg5 alleviates hypoxia-induced myocardial apoptosis by targeting STAT3 to promote Tyr705 phosphorylation
title_fullStr Ginsenoside Rg5 alleviates hypoxia-induced myocardial apoptosis by targeting STAT3 to promote Tyr705 phosphorylation
title_full_unstemmed Ginsenoside Rg5 alleviates hypoxia-induced myocardial apoptosis by targeting STAT3 to promote Tyr705 phosphorylation
title_short Ginsenoside Rg5 alleviates hypoxia-induced myocardial apoptosis by targeting STAT3 to promote Tyr705 phosphorylation
title_sort ginsenoside rg5 alleviates hypoxia induced myocardial apoptosis by targeting stat3 to promote tyr705 phosphorylation
topic Ginsenoside Rg5
Stat3
Tyr705 phosphorylation
Hypoxia
Myocardial apoptosis
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-025-01128-8
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