Altered cardiac‐coronary coupling relates to abnormal fractional flow reserve without flow limitation after percutaneous coronary interventions

Abstract A significant proportion of stenoses have an abnormal fractional flow reserve (FFR) after angiographically successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), which is traditionally attributed to differences in coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) or hyperemic microvascular resistance (hM...

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Main Authors: Ahmet Tas, Alp Ozcan, Yaren Alan, Sabahattin Umman, Kim H. Parker, Tim P. van de Hoef, Murat Sezer, Jan J. Piek
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-07-01
Series:Physiological Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.70440
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author Ahmet Tas
Alp Ozcan
Yaren Alan
Sabahattin Umman
Kim H. Parker
Tim P. van de Hoef
Murat Sezer
Jan J. Piek
author_facet Ahmet Tas
Alp Ozcan
Yaren Alan
Sabahattin Umman
Kim H. Parker
Tim P. van de Hoef
Murat Sezer
Jan J. Piek
author_sort Ahmet Tas
collection DOAJ
description Abstract A significant proportion of stenoses have an abnormal fractional flow reserve (FFR) after angiographically successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), which is traditionally attributed to differences in coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) or hyperemic microvascular resistance (hMR). This study investigated the mechanisms underlying residual low FFR despite good angiographic results and normalized hyperemic stenosis resistance (hSR) using wave‐intensity analysis (WIA), which evaluates phasic characteristics of cardiac‐coronary coupling. Sixty‐three vessels from patients who underwent PCI for stable intermediate stenoses were included. Peri‐PCI characteristics of conventional and WIA parameters were assessed. Ten (16%) vessels exhibited residual low FFR (≤0.8) despite normalized hSR (<0.8), without significant differences in hyperemic flow (velocity) (hAPV), CFVR, or hMR compared with concordant normal FFR‐hSR group (p > 0.05). WIA revealed a significantly slower (peak‐time of backward expansion wave, tBEWpeak = 20% ± 6% vs. 29% ± 17% of expansion period, p = 0.005) and weaker (BEWpeak = 10.1 ± 8.9 vs. 15.8 ± 11.4 10.kW.m‐2.s‐2, p = 0.045) impact of microvascular suction responsible for diastolic coronary filling during hyperemia in the low FFR group, despite comparable pre‐PCI characteristics. Residual low FFR after PCI may reflect altered cardiac‐coronary coupling without limitation of flow or vasodilator capacity when the blunted impact of accelerating wave energy flux with delayed coronary filling fails to sustain distal pressure. The influence of cardiac‐coronary coupling on post‐PCI FFR warrants further investigation.
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spelling doaj-art-d9525ec19e8b4d378a50bc8ec6c70e2b2025-08-20T03:27:44ZengWileyPhysiological Reports2051-817X2025-07-011313n/an/a10.14814/phy2.70440Altered cardiac‐coronary coupling relates to abnormal fractional flow reserve without flow limitation after percutaneous coronary interventionsAhmet Tas0Alp Ozcan1Yaren Alan2Sabahattin Umman3Kim H. Parker4Tim P. van de Hoef5Murat Sezer6Jan J. Piek7Department of Cardiology Amsterdam UMC, Heart Centre, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Amsterdam the NetherlandsFaculty of Medicine Istanbul University Istanbul TurkeyFaculty of Medicine Istanbul University Istanbul TurkeyDepartment of Cardiology Istanbul University Istanbul TurkeyDepartment of Bioengineering Imperial College London UKDepartment of Cardiology University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht the NetherlandsDepartment of Cardiology Acibadem International Hospital Istanbul TurkeyDepartment of Cardiology Amsterdam UMC, Heart Centre, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Amsterdam the NetherlandsAbstract A significant proportion of stenoses have an abnormal fractional flow reserve (FFR) after angiographically successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), which is traditionally attributed to differences in coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) or hyperemic microvascular resistance (hMR). This study investigated the mechanisms underlying residual low FFR despite good angiographic results and normalized hyperemic stenosis resistance (hSR) using wave‐intensity analysis (WIA), which evaluates phasic characteristics of cardiac‐coronary coupling. Sixty‐three vessels from patients who underwent PCI for stable intermediate stenoses were included. Peri‐PCI characteristics of conventional and WIA parameters were assessed. Ten (16%) vessels exhibited residual low FFR (≤0.8) despite normalized hSR (<0.8), without significant differences in hyperemic flow (velocity) (hAPV), CFVR, or hMR compared with concordant normal FFR‐hSR group (p > 0.05). WIA revealed a significantly slower (peak‐time of backward expansion wave, tBEWpeak = 20% ± 6% vs. 29% ± 17% of expansion period, p = 0.005) and weaker (BEWpeak = 10.1 ± 8.9 vs. 15.8 ± 11.4 10.kW.m‐2.s‐2, p = 0.045) impact of microvascular suction responsible for diastolic coronary filling during hyperemia in the low FFR group, despite comparable pre‐PCI characteristics. Residual low FFR after PCI may reflect altered cardiac‐coronary coupling without limitation of flow or vasodilator capacity when the blunted impact of accelerating wave energy flux with delayed coronary filling fails to sustain distal pressure. The influence of cardiac‐coronary coupling on post‐PCI FFR warrants further investigation.https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.70440coronary artery diseasefractional flow reservehyperemic stenosis resistancePCIwave intensity analysis
spellingShingle Ahmet Tas
Alp Ozcan
Yaren Alan
Sabahattin Umman
Kim H. Parker
Tim P. van de Hoef
Murat Sezer
Jan J. Piek
Altered cardiac‐coronary coupling relates to abnormal fractional flow reserve without flow limitation after percutaneous coronary interventions
Physiological Reports
coronary artery disease
fractional flow reserve
hyperemic stenosis resistance
PCI
wave intensity analysis
title Altered cardiac‐coronary coupling relates to abnormal fractional flow reserve without flow limitation after percutaneous coronary interventions
title_full Altered cardiac‐coronary coupling relates to abnormal fractional flow reserve without flow limitation after percutaneous coronary interventions
title_fullStr Altered cardiac‐coronary coupling relates to abnormal fractional flow reserve without flow limitation after percutaneous coronary interventions
title_full_unstemmed Altered cardiac‐coronary coupling relates to abnormal fractional flow reserve without flow limitation after percutaneous coronary interventions
title_short Altered cardiac‐coronary coupling relates to abnormal fractional flow reserve without flow limitation after percutaneous coronary interventions
title_sort altered cardiac coronary coupling relates to abnormal fractional flow reserve without flow limitation after percutaneous coronary interventions
topic coronary artery disease
fractional flow reserve
hyperemic stenosis resistance
PCI
wave intensity analysis
url https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.70440
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