Combining transcriptomics and metabolomics to analyse the mechanism of allelopathy in Cyclachaena xanthiifolia

Abstract As a vicious invasive plant, Cyclachaena xanthiifolia has caused severe ecological disruption and significant reductions in crop yield, necessitating urgent control measures. However, the underlying mechanisms of its allelopathic invasion remain unclear, representing the primary bottleneck...

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Main Authors: Zelin Yang, Xiaoling Han, Zhixiang Xing, Fumeng He, Tianshuai Qi, Xue Wang, Rao Fu, Chong Du, Xu Feng, Yingnan Wang, Qiang Yuan, Fenglan Li, Wei Lan, Yongqing Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Plant Biology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06704-6
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author Zelin Yang
Xiaoling Han
Zhixiang Xing
Fumeng He
Tianshuai Qi
Xue Wang
Rao Fu
Chong Du
Xu Feng
Yingnan Wang
Qiang Yuan
Fenglan Li
Wei Lan
Yongqing Xu
author_facet Zelin Yang
Xiaoling Han
Zhixiang Xing
Fumeng He
Tianshuai Qi
Xue Wang
Rao Fu
Chong Du
Xu Feng
Yingnan Wang
Qiang Yuan
Fenglan Li
Wei Lan
Yongqing Xu
author_sort Zelin Yang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract As a vicious invasive plant, Cyclachaena xanthiifolia has caused severe ecological disruption and significant reductions in crop yield, necessitating urgent control measures. However, the underlying mechanisms of its allelopathic invasion remain unclear, representing the primary bottleneck in current management strategies. In this study, we used metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses to evaluate the differences in allelopathy and related physiological and biochemical indices among different extract fractions of C.xanthiifolia, and to investigate how the allelopathy of C.xanthiifolia inhibits seed germination and seedling growth by altering metabolic pathways. GC-MS results identified several compounds with allelopathic potential, including fatty acids, terpenes, esters, alkanes, and aldehydes. Among them, n-butanol phase extract (NE) treatment significantly inhibited the germination and water absorption of mustard (Brassica juncea) seeds, changed the balance of the endogenous hormones abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GA) in seeds, destroyed the antioxidant enzyme system, and caused plasma membrane damage. Moreover, transcriptomic and broadly targeted metabolomic analyses showed that NE treatment interfered with primary metabolism, significantly enriched the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, and led to a significant accumulation of ABA. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that the expression levels of 7 key genes involved in ABA biosynthesis and metabolic pathways were relatively high. The results showed that C.xanthiifolia may exert its allelopathic effects by disrupting the antioxidant enzyme system and interfering with primary metabolism and hormone signalling, and that the modulation of the ABA signalling pathway appears to play a key role.
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spelling doaj-art-d94a8fc5e5714c619b2e1291a93cc7cf2025-08-20T01:52:29ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292025-05-0125112210.1186/s12870-025-06704-6Combining transcriptomics and metabolomics to analyse the mechanism of allelopathy in Cyclachaena xanthiifoliaZelin Yang0Xiaoling Han1Zhixiang Xing2Fumeng He3Tianshuai Qi4Xue Wang5Rao Fu6Chong Du7Xu Feng8Yingnan Wang9Qiang Yuan10Fenglan Li11Wei Lan12Yongqing Xu13College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural UniversityCollege of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural UniversityCollege of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural UniversityCollege of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural UniversityCollege of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural UniversityCollege of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural UniversityCollege of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural UniversityCollege of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural UniversityCollege of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural UniversityCollege of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural UniversityCollege of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural UniversityCollege of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural UniversitySchool of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal UniversityCollege of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural UniversityAbstract As a vicious invasive plant, Cyclachaena xanthiifolia has caused severe ecological disruption and significant reductions in crop yield, necessitating urgent control measures. However, the underlying mechanisms of its allelopathic invasion remain unclear, representing the primary bottleneck in current management strategies. In this study, we used metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses to evaluate the differences in allelopathy and related physiological and biochemical indices among different extract fractions of C.xanthiifolia, and to investigate how the allelopathy of C.xanthiifolia inhibits seed germination and seedling growth by altering metabolic pathways. GC-MS results identified several compounds with allelopathic potential, including fatty acids, terpenes, esters, alkanes, and aldehydes. Among them, n-butanol phase extract (NE) treatment significantly inhibited the germination and water absorption of mustard (Brassica juncea) seeds, changed the balance of the endogenous hormones abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GA) in seeds, destroyed the antioxidant enzyme system, and caused plasma membrane damage. Moreover, transcriptomic and broadly targeted metabolomic analyses showed that NE treatment interfered with primary metabolism, significantly enriched the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, and led to a significant accumulation of ABA. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that the expression levels of 7 key genes involved in ABA biosynthesis and metabolic pathways were relatively high. The results showed that C.xanthiifolia may exert its allelopathic effects by disrupting the antioxidant enzyme system and interfering with primary metabolism and hormone signalling, and that the modulation of the ABA signalling pathway appears to play a key role.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06704-6Cyclachaena xanthiifoliaSeed germinationAllelopathyCarotenoid biosynthesisABA signalling pathway
spellingShingle Zelin Yang
Xiaoling Han
Zhixiang Xing
Fumeng He
Tianshuai Qi
Xue Wang
Rao Fu
Chong Du
Xu Feng
Yingnan Wang
Qiang Yuan
Fenglan Li
Wei Lan
Yongqing Xu
Combining transcriptomics and metabolomics to analyse the mechanism of allelopathy in Cyclachaena xanthiifolia
BMC Plant Biology
Cyclachaena xanthiifolia
Seed germination
Allelopathy
Carotenoid biosynthesis
ABA signalling pathway
title Combining transcriptomics and metabolomics to analyse the mechanism of allelopathy in Cyclachaena xanthiifolia
title_full Combining transcriptomics and metabolomics to analyse the mechanism of allelopathy in Cyclachaena xanthiifolia
title_fullStr Combining transcriptomics and metabolomics to analyse the mechanism of allelopathy in Cyclachaena xanthiifolia
title_full_unstemmed Combining transcriptomics and metabolomics to analyse the mechanism of allelopathy in Cyclachaena xanthiifolia
title_short Combining transcriptomics and metabolomics to analyse the mechanism of allelopathy in Cyclachaena xanthiifolia
title_sort combining transcriptomics and metabolomics to analyse the mechanism of allelopathy in cyclachaena xanthiifolia
topic Cyclachaena xanthiifolia
Seed germination
Allelopathy
Carotenoid biosynthesis
ABA signalling pathway
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06704-6
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