Calculating torque, back-EMF, inductance, and unbalanced magnetic force for a hybrid electrical vehicle by in-wheel drive application
Abstract To use a Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Machine (HESM) in a hybrid electrical vehicle (HEV), its performance indicators such as back-EMF, inductance and unbalanced magnetic force should be computed preferably by an analytical method. First, the back-EMF is calculated by considering alternate...
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Nature Portfolio
2024-06-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-63702-8 |
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| author | Alireza Hosseinpour Akbar Rahideh Ahmed Abbas Atif Iqbal Claude Ziad El-Bayeh Aymen Flah Enas Ali Ramy N. R. Ghaly |
| author_facet | Alireza Hosseinpour Akbar Rahideh Ahmed Abbas Atif Iqbal Claude Ziad El-Bayeh Aymen Flah Enas Ali Ramy N. R. Ghaly |
| author_sort | Alireza Hosseinpour |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract To use a Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Machine (HESM) in a hybrid electrical vehicle (HEV), its performance indicators such as back-EMF, inductance and unbalanced magnetic force should be computed preferably by an analytical method. First, the back-EMF is calculated by considering alternate-teeth and all-teeth non-overlapping and overlapping windings. The effects of three types of magnetization patterns including the radial, parallel and Halbach magnetizations on the back-EMF waveform have also been investigated. Then, the self-inductance of the stator and rotor windings, the mutual inductance between the stator and rotor windings, and the mutual inductance between the stator phases are computed. Next, the components of the unbalanced magnetic force (UMF) in the direction of the x and y axes and its amplitude are computed. Moreover, the effects of the magnetization patterns on those magnetic pulls are investigated. To minimize the UMFs, symmetry must be implemented in the excitation sources; therefore, first the stator winding then the permanent magnet and rotor winding are modified in such a way that the UMFs are reduced. Increasing the temperature leads to a weakening of the magnet’s residual flux density, which strongly affects the performance characteristics of the electric machine such as Back-EMF and UMF. Finally, the ratio of the permanent magnet flux to the rotor flux is determined in such a way that the average torque is maximized. In this section, the effects of three magnetization patterns will be investigated. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d9467bf579fa4b3f891ed08347b20fd3 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-06-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-d9467bf579fa4b3f891ed08347b20fd32025-01-19T12:24:48ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-06-0114111810.1038/s41598-024-63702-8Calculating torque, back-EMF, inductance, and unbalanced magnetic force for a hybrid electrical vehicle by in-wheel drive applicationAlireza Hosseinpour0Akbar Rahideh1Ahmed Abbas2Atif Iqbal3Claude Ziad El-Bayeh4Aymen Flah5Enas Ali6Ramy N. R. Ghaly7Department of Electrical Engineering, Universityof ZabolDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of TechnologyFaculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gdansk University of TechnologyDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Qatar UniversityDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Bayeh InstituteProcesses, Energy, Environment, and Electrical Systems (Code: LR18ES34), National Engineering School of Gabès, University of GabèsUniversity Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh UniversityMinistry of Higher Education, Mataria Technical CollegeAbstract To use a Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Machine (HESM) in a hybrid electrical vehicle (HEV), its performance indicators such as back-EMF, inductance and unbalanced magnetic force should be computed preferably by an analytical method. First, the back-EMF is calculated by considering alternate-teeth and all-teeth non-overlapping and overlapping windings. The effects of three types of magnetization patterns including the radial, parallel and Halbach magnetizations on the back-EMF waveform have also been investigated. Then, the self-inductance of the stator and rotor windings, the mutual inductance between the stator and rotor windings, and the mutual inductance between the stator phases are computed. Next, the components of the unbalanced magnetic force (UMF) in the direction of the x and y axes and its amplitude are computed. Moreover, the effects of the magnetization patterns on those magnetic pulls are investigated. To minimize the UMFs, symmetry must be implemented in the excitation sources; therefore, first the stator winding then the permanent magnet and rotor winding are modified in such a way that the UMFs are reduced. Increasing the temperature leads to a weakening of the magnet’s residual flux density, which strongly affects the performance characteristics of the electric machine such as Back-EMF and UMF. Finally, the ratio of the permanent magnet flux to the rotor flux is determined in such a way that the average torque is maximized. In this section, the effects of three magnetization patterns will be investigated.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-63702-8Armature reactionAuxiliary windingExcitation coilIn-wheel driveTransportation |
| spellingShingle | Alireza Hosseinpour Akbar Rahideh Ahmed Abbas Atif Iqbal Claude Ziad El-Bayeh Aymen Flah Enas Ali Ramy N. R. Ghaly Calculating torque, back-EMF, inductance, and unbalanced magnetic force for a hybrid electrical vehicle by in-wheel drive application Scientific Reports Armature reaction Auxiliary winding Excitation coil In-wheel drive Transportation |
| title | Calculating torque, back-EMF, inductance, and unbalanced magnetic force for a hybrid electrical vehicle by in-wheel drive application |
| title_full | Calculating torque, back-EMF, inductance, and unbalanced magnetic force for a hybrid electrical vehicle by in-wheel drive application |
| title_fullStr | Calculating torque, back-EMF, inductance, and unbalanced magnetic force for a hybrid electrical vehicle by in-wheel drive application |
| title_full_unstemmed | Calculating torque, back-EMF, inductance, and unbalanced magnetic force for a hybrid electrical vehicle by in-wheel drive application |
| title_short | Calculating torque, back-EMF, inductance, and unbalanced magnetic force for a hybrid electrical vehicle by in-wheel drive application |
| title_sort | calculating torque back emf inductance and unbalanced magnetic force for a hybrid electrical vehicle by in wheel drive application |
| topic | Armature reaction Auxiliary winding Excitation coil In-wheel drive Transportation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-63702-8 |
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