A personalized federated learning approach to enhance joint modeling for heterogeneous medical institutions

Background Federated Learning (FL) offers a privacy-preserving solution for multi-party data collaboration in smart healthcare. However, the data heterogeneity among hospitals and among patients often results in suboptimal performance for some hospitals when applying a global FL model. Current clust...

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Main Authors: Hong Ye, Xiangzhou Zhang, Kang Liu, Ziyuan Liu, Weiqi Chen, Bo Liu, Eric WT Ngai, Yong Hu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2025-07-01
Series:Digital Health
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076251360861
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author Hong Ye
Xiangzhou Zhang
Kang Liu
Ziyuan Liu
Weiqi Chen
Bo Liu
Eric WT Ngai
Yong Hu
author_facet Hong Ye
Xiangzhou Zhang
Kang Liu
Ziyuan Liu
Weiqi Chen
Bo Liu
Eric WT Ngai
Yong Hu
author_sort Hong Ye
collection DOAJ
description Background Federated Learning (FL) offers a privacy-preserving solution for multi-party data collaboration in smart healthcare. However, the data heterogeneity among hospitals and among patients often results in suboptimal performance for some hospitals when applying a global FL model. Current clustering-based FL methods struggle to adapt to complex and diverse data distributions, negatively impacting model performance. Methods We propose a novel framework, Federated Gaussian Mixture Clustering (FedGMC), which leverages Gaussian Mixture Clustering to train personalized FL models. FedGMC determines the optimal number of clusters prior to the FL process, reducing the time and computational cost associated with traversing multiple clustering configurations in existing approaches. Results The FedGMC framework was evaluated using real-world eICU datasets with various classifiers and performance metrics. Experimental results show that FedGMC outperforms other baseline methods in terms of the overall performance of combining two classifiers and two performance metrics. Moreover, it mitigates the risk of performance degraded for participating hospitals following FL. Conclusions The FedGMC framework effectively addresses clinical heterogeneity, enhancing predictive performance and ensuring fairness among participating medical institutions. These improvements increase the willingness of data owners to engage in the collaboration FL initiatives.
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spelling doaj-art-d93dbca0374048ffb616fde186bf31572025-08-20T02:46:08ZengSAGE PublishingDigital Health2055-20762025-07-011110.1177/20552076251360861A personalized federated learning approach to enhance joint modeling for heterogeneous medical institutionsHong Ye0Xiangzhou Zhang1Kang Liu2Ziyuan Liu3Weiqi Chen4Bo Liu5Eric WT Ngai6Yong Hu7 School of Management, , Guangzhou, China School of Medicine, , Guangzhou, China School of Management, , Guangzhou, China College of Information Science and Technology, , Guangzhou, China School of Computer Science, , Guangzhou, China School of Management, , Guangzhou, China Faculty of Business, , Hong Kong, China School of Medicine, , Guangzhou, ChinaBackground Federated Learning (FL) offers a privacy-preserving solution for multi-party data collaboration in smart healthcare. However, the data heterogeneity among hospitals and among patients often results in suboptimal performance for some hospitals when applying a global FL model. Current clustering-based FL methods struggle to adapt to complex and diverse data distributions, negatively impacting model performance. Methods We propose a novel framework, Federated Gaussian Mixture Clustering (FedGMC), which leverages Gaussian Mixture Clustering to train personalized FL models. FedGMC determines the optimal number of clusters prior to the FL process, reducing the time and computational cost associated with traversing multiple clustering configurations in existing approaches. Results The FedGMC framework was evaluated using real-world eICU datasets with various classifiers and performance metrics. Experimental results show that FedGMC outperforms other baseline methods in terms of the overall performance of combining two classifiers and two performance metrics. Moreover, it mitigates the risk of performance degraded for participating hospitals following FL. Conclusions The FedGMC framework effectively addresses clinical heterogeneity, enhancing predictive performance and ensuring fairness among participating medical institutions. These improvements increase the willingness of data owners to engage in the collaboration FL initiatives.https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076251360861
spellingShingle Hong Ye
Xiangzhou Zhang
Kang Liu
Ziyuan Liu
Weiqi Chen
Bo Liu
Eric WT Ngai
Yong Hu
A personalized federated learning approach to enhance joint modeling for heterogeneous medical institutions
Digital Health
title A personalized federated learning approach to enhance joint modeling for heterogeneous medical institutions
title_full A personalized federated learning approach to enhance joint modeling for heterogeneous medical institutions
title_fullStr A personalized federated learning approach to enhance joint modeling for heterogeneous medical institutions
title_full_unstemmed A personalized federated learning approach to enhance joint modeling for heterogeneous medical institutions
title_short A personalized federated learning approach to enhance joint modeling for heterogeneous medical institutions
title_sort personalized federated learning approach to enhance joint modeling for heterogeneous medical institutions
url https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076251360861
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