Study on an Integrated Water Treatment System by Simultaneously Coupling Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) and Powdered Carbon with Ultrafiltration
The process of using powdered activated carbon (PAC) in conjunction with ultrafiltration (UF) has been widely adopted for the treatment of various types of water and wastewater. However, during the application of this integrated PAC-UF process, PAC tends to adhere significantly to the surface of the...
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2024-10-01
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| author | Yi Wang Sijia Yu Weiwei Cai |
| author_facet | Yi Wang Sijia Yu Weiwei Cai |
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| description | The process of using powdered activated carbon (PAC) in conjunction with ultrafiltration (UF) has been widely adopted for the treatment of various types of water and wastewater. However, during the application of this integrated PAC-UF process, PAC tends to adhere significantly to the surface of the UF membrane, which exacerbates membrane fouling. To tackle this issue, this study proposed an innovative water treatment approach that simultaneously integrated granular activated carbon (GAC) and PAC/biochar with UF. In this setup, PAC/biochar was intended to enhance water quality, while the fluidized GAC particles were aimed at reducing membrane fouling and the deposition of PAC/biochar on the membrane surface. We systematically analyzed the operational performance of the integrated systems concerning fouling formation, PAC/biochar attachment, effluent quality, and foulant components. The results indicate that both PAC and biochar effectively improved effluent quality in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and hardness, although they significantly deposited on the membrane surface during operation. Notably, PAC was more prone to attach to the membrane than biochar, and the fouling in biochar-UF systems was primarily attributed to the attachment of organic foulants rather than biochar itself. By combining with GAC, up to 46.01% of membrane fouling and 96.11% of PAC/biochar attachment were mitigated due to the strong mechanical action of the fluidized GAC particles. Importantly, the inclusion of fluidized GAC did not significantly affect effluent quality. Consequently, the GAC-PAC/biochar systems proposed in this study demonstrated dual benefits of improving effluent quality and ensuring stable operation, thereby providing a viable solution for efficient and sustainable water treatment. |
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| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-d93ca5a0223b45ed8d754ea1bc7f0a8b2025-08-20T02:04:41ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392024-10-01111131210.3390/separations11110312Study on an Integrated Water Treatment System by Simultaneously Coupling Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) and Powdered Carbon with UltrafiltrationYi Wang0Sijia Yu1Weiwei Cai2School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, ChinaSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, ChinaSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, ChinaThe process of using powdered activated carbon (PAC) in conjunction with ultrafiltration (UF) has been widely adopted for the treatment of various types of water and wastewater. However, during the application of this integrated PAC-UF process, PAC tends to adhere significantly to the surface of the UF membrane, which exacerbates membrane fouling. To tackle this issue, this study proposed an innovative water treatment approach that simultaneously integrated granular activated carbon (GAC) and PAC/biochar with UF. In this setup, PAC/biochar was intended to enhance water quality, while the fluidized GAC particles were aimed at reducing membrane fouling and the deposition of PAC/biochar on the membrane surface. We systematically analyzed the operational performance of the integrated systems concerning fouling formation, PAC/biochar attachment, effluent quality, and foulant components. The results indicate that both PAC and biochar effectively improved effluent quality in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and hardness, although they significantly deposited on the membrane surface during operation. Notably, PAC was more prone to attach to the membrane than biochar, and the fouling in biochar-UF systems was primarily attributed to the attachment of organic foulants rather than biochar itself. By combining with GAC, up to 46.01% of membrane fouling and 96.11% of PAC/biochar attachment were mitigated due to the strong mechanical action of the fluidized GAC particles. Importantly, the inclusion of fluidized GAC did not significantly affect effluent quality. Consequently, the GAC-PAC/biochar systems proposed in this study demonstrated dual benefits of improving effluent quality and ensuring stable operation, thereby providing a viable solution for efficient and sustainable water treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/11/11/312water treatmentmembrane foulingfluidized GAC particlesPACbiochar |
| spellingShingle | Yi Wang Sijia Yu Weiwei Cai Study on an Integrated Water Treatment System by Simultaneously Coupling Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) and Powdered Carbon with Ultrafiltration Separations water treatment membrane fouling fluidized GAC particles PAC biochar |
| title | Study on an Integrated Water Treatment System by Simultaneously Coupling Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) and Powdered Carbon with Ultrafiltration |
| title_full | Study on an Integrated Water Treatment System by Simultaneously Coupling Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) and Powdered Carbon with Ultrafiltration |
| title_fullStr | Study on an Integrated Water Treatment System by Simultaneously Coupling Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) and Powdered Carbon with Ultrafiltration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study on an Integrated Water Treatment System by Simultaneously Coupling Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) and Powdered Carbon with Ultrafiltration |
| title_short | Study on an Integrated Water Treatment System by Simultaneously Coupling Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) and Powdered Carbon with Ultrafiltration |
| title_sort | study on an integrated water treatment system by simultaneously coupling granular activated carbon gac and powdered carbon with ultrafiltration |
| topic | water treatment membrane fouling fluidized GAC particles PAC biochar |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/11/11/312 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yiwang studyonanintegratedwatertreatmentsystembysimultaneouslycouplinggranularactivatedcarbongacandpowderedcarbonwithultrafiltration AT sijiayu studyonanintegratedwatertreatmentsystembysimultaneouslycouplinggranularactivatedcarbongacandpowderedcarbonwithultrafiltration AT weiweicai studyonanintegratedwatertreatmentsystembysimultaneouslycouplinggranularactivatedcarbongacandpowderedcarbonwithultrafiltration |