A Case of Acute Eosinophilic Leukemia with a Novel PHF6 Mutation

Acute eosinophilic leukemia (AEL) is a rare form of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that requires prompt exclusion of reactive etiologies of eosinophilia and identification of an underlying acute myeloid neoplasm. Myeloid neoplasms with prominent eosinophilia often have rearrangements in the platelet-d...

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Main Authors: J. J. Lipof, E. J. Huselton, C. S. Zent, A. Evans, B. Zhang, P. G. Rothberg, J. M. Bennett
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2021-01-01
Series:Case Reports in Hematology
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5574766
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author J. J. Lipof
E. J. Huselton
C. S. Zent
A. Evans
B. Zhang
P. G. Rothberg
J. M. Bennett
author_facet J. J. Lipof
E. J. Huselton
C. S. Zent
A. Evans
B. Zhang
P. G. Rothberg
J. M. Bennett
author_sort J. J. Lipof
collection DOAJ
description Acute eosinophilic leukemia (AEL) is a rare form of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that requires prompt exclusion of reactive etiologies of eosinophilia and identification of an underlying acute myeloid neoplasm. Myeloid neoplasms with prominent eosinophilia often have rearrangements in the platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRA) or β (PDGFRB) or are associated with core-binding factor AML. In this report, we describe a 35-year-old male presenting with chest discomfort and altered mental status, found to have marked leukocytosis with eosinophilic predominance and an elevated blast count. Bone marrow aspirate and biopsy findings were morphologically consistent with AEL. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and standard karyotype analysis did not reveal any abnormalities, and mutation analysis using next generation sequencing (NGS) revealed a pathogenic mutation in PHF6. Cardiac work-up revealed findings suggestive of eosinophilic myocarditis. High-dose glucocorticoid therapy was initiated followed by standard intensive induction chemotherapy with cytarabine and idarubicin. He experienced a rapid reduction in peripheral blood eosinophil and blast count and was found to be in a complete remission at the time of his postinduction bone marrow examination. He underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation with a matched sibling donor after consolidative high-dose cytarabine and remains in remission at the time of this report, 6 months following his initial diagnosis. The rarity of this condition has resulted in a paucity of data to guide management. Additional studies are needed to better characterize this entity and inform optimal management strategies to attain a long-term sustained remission in these patients.
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spelling doaj-art-d93bfee01b3f4e35913535be554e6d9b2025-08-20T02:21:25ZengWileyCase Reports in Hematology2090-65602090-65792021-01-01202110.1155/2021/55747665574766A Case of Acute Eosinophilic Leukemia with a Novel PHF6 MutationJ. J. Lipof0E. J. Huselton1C. S. Zent2A. Evans3B. Zhang4P. G. Rothberg5J. M. Bennett6Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, Rochester, NY, USADivision of Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, Rochester, NY, USADivision of Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, Rochester, NY, USADepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USADepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USADepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USADivision of Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, Rochester, NY, USAAcute eosinophilic leukemia (AEL) is a rare form of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that requires prompt exclusion of reactive etiologies of eosinophilia and identification of an underlying acute myeloid neoplasm. Myeloid neoplasms with prominent eosinophilia often have rearrangements in the platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRA) or β (PDGFRB) or are associated with core-binding factor AML. In this report, we describe a 35-year-old male presenting with chest discomfort and altered mental status, found to have marked leukocytosis with eosinophilic predominance and an elevated blast count. Bone marrow aspirate and biopsy findings were morphologically consistent with AEL. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and standard karyotype analysis did not reveal any abnormalities, and mutation analysis using next generation sequencing (NGS) revealed a pathogenic mutation in PHF6. Cardiac work-up revealed findings suggestive of eosinophilic myocarditis. High-dose glucocorticoid therapy was initiated followed by standard intensive induction chemotherapy with cytarabine and idarubicin. He experienced a rapid reduction in peripheral blood eosinophil and blast count and was found to be in a complete remission at the time of his postinduction bone marrow examination. He underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation with a matched sibling donor after consolidative high-dose cytarabine and remains in remission at the time of this report, 6 months following his initial diagnosis. The rarity of this condition has resulted in a paucity of data to guide management. Additional studies are needed to better characterize this entity and inform optimal management strategies to attain a long-term sustained remission in these patients.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5574766
spellingShingle J. J. Lipof
E. J. Huselton
C. S. Zent
A. Evans
B. Zhang
P. G. Rothberg
J. M. Bennett
A Case of Acute Eosinophilic Leukemia with a Novel PHF6 Mutation
Case Reports in Hematology
title A Case of Acute Eosinophilic Leukemia with a Novel PHF6 Mutation
title_full A Case of Acute Eosinophilic Leukemia with a Novel PHF6 Mutation
title_fullStr A Case of Acute Eosinophilic Leukemia with a Novel PHF6 Mutation
title_full_unstemmed A Case of Acute Eosinophilic Leukemia with a Novel PHF6 Mutation
title_short A Case of Acute Eosinophilic Leukemia with a Novel PHF6 Mutation
title_sort case of acute eosinophilic leukemia with a novel phf6 mutation
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5574766
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