Transport emission modelling based on a bottom-up approach to facilitate sustainable transport planning

Modelling road transport emissions is critical in designing sustainable policies. Traditional emission models follow a top-down approach by distributing the emissions for a region based on the vehicle stock. This research envisions a bottom-up approach based on the link traffic volume, fleet, and em...

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Main Authors: Anna Charly, Brian Caulfield
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Sustainable Futures
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266618882500005X
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author Anna Charly
Brian Caulfield
author_facet Anna Charly
Brian Caulfield
author_sort Anna Charly
collection DOAJ
description Modelling road transport emissions is critical in designing sustainable policies. Traditional emission models follow a top-down approach by distributing the emissions for a region based on the vehicle stock. This research envisions a bottom-up approach based on the link traffic volume, fleet, and emission factors to develop an improved model for link-based transport emissions. The proposed model is integrated with the National Transport Model for Ireland and considers CO2, NOX and PM2.5 emissions from all vehicles and fuel types, including electric vehicles (EVs). Further, the impact of increasing EV trip share outside the major urban regions is evaluated. Analysis showed that emissions generated by a single vehicle were much higher in rural areas than urban ones. Results indicate that replacing a conventional car with an EV in rural counties could reduce up to 3.4 kg of CO2 during a morning peak hour instead of 2.2 kg in urban areas.
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spelling doaj-art-d92c0883021548ebab72cd72a3a222e22025-08-20T02:39:50ZengElsevierSustainable Futures2666-18882025-06-01910043510.1016/j.sftr.2025.100435Transport emission modelling based on a bottom-up approach to facilitate sustainable transport planningAnna Charly0Brian Caulfield1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom; Corresponding author.Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, IrelandModelling road transport emissions is critical in designing sustainable policies. Traditional emission models follow a top-down approach by distributing the emissions for a region based on the vehicle stock. This research envisions a bottom-up approach based on the link traffic volume, fleet, and emission factors to develop an improved model for link-based transport emissions. The proposed model is integrated with the National Transport Model for Ireland and considers CO2, NOX and PM2.5 emissions from all vehicles and fuel types, including electric vehicles (EVs). Further, the impact of increasing EV trip share outside the major urban regions is evaluated. Analysis showed that emissions generated by a single vehicle were much higher in rural areas than urban ones. Results indicate that replacing a conventional car with an EV in rural counties could reduce up to 3.4 kg of CO2 during a morning peak hour instead of 2.2 kg in urban areas.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266618882500005XTransport emission modelSustainable transportBottom-up approachScenario analysisVISUMElectric vehicles
spellingShingle Anna Charly
Brian Caulfield
Transport emission modelling based on a bottom-up approach to facilitate sustainable transport planning
Sustainable Futures
Transport emission model
Sustainable transport
Bottom-up approach
Scenario analysis
VISUM
Electric vehicles
title Transport emission modelling based on a bottom-up approach to facilitate sustainable transport planning
title_full Transport emission modelling based on a bottom-up approach to facilitate sustainable transport planning
title_fullStr Transport emission modelling based on a bottom-up approach to facilitate sustainable transport planning
title_full_unstemmed Transport emission modelling based on a bottom-up approach to facilitate sustainable transport planning
title_short Transport emission modelling based on a bottom-up approach to facilitate sustainable transport planning
title_sort transport emission modelling based on a bottom up approach to facilitate sustainable transport planning
topic Transport emission model
Sustainable transport
Bottom-up approach
Scenario analysis
VISUM
Electric vehicles
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266618882500005X
work_keys_str_mv AT annacharly transportemissionmodellingbasedonabottomupapproachtofacilitatesustainabletransportplanning
AT briancaulfield transportemissionmodellingbasedonabottomupapproachtofacilitatesustainabletransportplanning