Wildfires will intensify in the wildland-urban interface under near-term warming

Abstract Dangerous fire weather is increasing under climate change, but there is limited knowledge of how this will affect fire intensity, a critical determinant of the socioecological effects of wildfire. Here, we model relationships between satellite observations of fire radiative power (FRP) and...

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Main Authors: Calum X. Cunningham, John T. Abatzoglou, Todd M. Ellis, Grant J. Williamson, David M. J. S. Bowman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Communications Earth & Environment
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02475-y
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author Calum X. Cunningham
John T. Abatzoglou
Todd M. Ellis
Grant J. Williamson
David M. J. S. Bowman
author_facet Calum X. Cunningham
John T. Abatzoglou
Todd M. Ellis
Grant J. Williamson
David M. J. S. Bowman
author_sort Calum X. Cunningham
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Dangerous fire weather is increasing under climate change, but there is limited knowledge of how this will affect fire intensity, a critical determinant of the socioecological effects of wildfire. Here, we model relationships between satellite observations of fire radiative power (FRP) and contemporaneous fire weather index, and then we project how FRP is likely to change under near-term warming scenarios. The models project widespread growth in FRP, with increases expected across 88% of fire-prone areas worldwide under 1.5 °C warming. Projected increases in FRP were highest in the Mediterranean biome and Temperate Conifer Forest biome, and increases were twice as large under 2 °C warming compared to 1.5 °C. Disaster-prone areas of the wildland-urban interface saw an average of 3.6 times greater projected increases than non-disaster-prone areas, suggesting wildfire impacts will intensify most in regions already vulnerable to dangerous wildfires. These findings emphasise the urgent need to anticipate changes to fire behaviour and proactively manage wildland-urban ecosystems to reduce future fire intensity.
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spelling doaj-art-d91e8173f3fc4de88681fec7008e9e712025-08-20T03:42:10ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Earth & Environment2662-44352025-07-01611910.1038/s43247-025-02475-yWildfires will intensify in the wildland-urban interface under near-term warmingCalum X. Cunningham0John T. Abatzoglou1Todd M. Ellis2Grant J. Williamson3David M. J. S. Bowman4Fire Centre, School of Natural Sciences, University of TasmaniaDepartment of Management of Complex Systems, University of California, MercedFire Centre, School of Natural Sciences, University of TasmaniaFire Centre, School of Natural Sciences, University of TasmaniaFire Centre, School of Natural Sciences, University of TasmaniaAbstract Dangerous fire weather is increasing under climate change, but there is limited knowledge of how this will affect fire intensity, a critical determinant of the socioecological effects of wildfire. Here, we model relationships between satellite observations of fire radiative power (FRP) and contemporaneous fire weather index, and then we project how FRP is likely to change under near-term warming scenarios. The models project widespread growth in FRP, with increases expected across 88% of fire-prone areas worldwide under 1.5 °C warming. Projected increases in FRP were highest in the Mediterranean biome and Temperate Conifer Forest biome, and increases were twice as large under 2 °C warming compared to 1.5 °C. Disaster-prone areas of the wildland-urban interface saw an average of 3.6 times greater projected increases than non-disaster-prone areas, suggesting wildfire impacts will intensify most in regions already vulnerable to dangerous wildfires. These findings emphasise the urgent need to anticipate changes to fire behaviour and proactively manage wildland-urban ecosystems to reduce future fire intensity.https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02475-y
spellingShingle Calum X. Cunningham
John T. Abatzoglou
Todd M. Ellis
Grant J. Williamson
David M. J. S. Bowman
Wildfires will intensify in the wildland-urban interface under near-term warming
Communications Earth & Environment
title Wildfires will intensify in the wildland-urban interface under near-term warming
title_full Wildfires will intensify in the wildland-urban interface under near-term warming
title_fullStr Wildfires will intensify in the wildland-urban interface under near-term warming
title_full_unstemmed Wildfires will intensify in the wildland-urban interface under near-term warming
title_short Wildfires will intensify in the wildland-urban interface under near-term warming
title_sort wildfires will intensify in the wildland urban interface under near term warming
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02475-y
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AT grantjwilliamson wildfireswillintensifyinthewildlandurbaninterfaceunderneartermwarming
AT davidmjsbowman wildfireswillintensifyinthewildlandurbaninterfaceunderneartermwarming