Effect of Bacillus subtilis isolated from yaks on D-galactose-induced oxidative stress and hepatic damage in mice

Acute hepatic injury is a severe condition that is always accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammation, seriously threatening the health of the host. Probiotics have been shown to be involved in the regulation of antioxidant system and gut microbiota activity, but studies on the effects of yak d...

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Main Authors: Lei Wang, Aoyun Li, Xiaohu Zhang, Mudassar Iqbal, Zain Ul Aabdin, Mengen Xu, Quan Mo, Jiakui Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Microbiology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1550556/full
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author Lei Wang
Aoyun Li
Xiaohu Zhang
Mudassar Iqbal
Zain Ul Aabdin
Mengen Xu
Quan Mo
Jiakui Li
Jiakui Li
author_facet Lei Wang
Aoyun Li
Xiaohu Zhang
Mudassar Iqbal
Zain Ul Aabdin
Mengen Xu
Quan Mo
Jiakui Li
Jiakui Li
author_sort Lei Wang
collection DOAJ
description Acute hepatic injury is a severe condition that is always accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammation, seriously threatening the health of the host. Probiotics have been shown to be involved in the regulation of antioxidant system and gut microbiota activity, but studies on the effects of yak derived Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) on acute liver injury and oxidative stress remain scarce. Here, we aim to explore the ameliorative effects of B. subtilis isolated from yaks on oxidative stress and hepatic injury caused by D-galactose, as well as the underlying processes. Results indicated that B. subtilis administration, particularly the BS3, significantly mitigated hepatic damage induced by D-galactose in mice as evidenced by ameliorating liver tissue damage as well as decreasing ALT (p < 0.05) and AST (p < 0.05) levels. Additionally, the B. subtilis intervention was demonstrated to enhance the antioxidant system in D-galactose-exposed mice, as manifested by increased T-AOC and SOD, alongside a decrease in MDA levels (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, B. subtilis intervention could effectively mitigate oxidative damage via modulating the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Importantly, B. subtilis exhibited a pronounced protective effect against D-galactose-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction through improving tight junction proteins. The gut microbiota results suggest that BS3 alters the abundance of some gut flora such as Firmicutes phylum and Oscillibacter and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136 genera, which affects the composition of the gut microbiota and reverses the decrease in the microbial richness index in mice. In summary, these findings demonstrated that B. subtilis isolated from yaks serve as a promising candidate to ameliorate oxidative damage and hepatic injury. Meanwhile, the positive regulation effect of B. subtilis on gut microbiota and intestinal mucosal barrier may be one of its underlying mechanisms to alleviate oxidative stress and hepatic injury.
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spelling doaj-art-d91697a29eef4febbbb70a8a647413e62025-08-20T02:02:05ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2025-03-011610.3389/fmicb.2025.15505561550556Effect of Bacillus subtilis isolated from yaks on D-galactose-induced oxidative stress and hepatic damage in miceLei Wang0Aoyun Li1Xiaohu Zhang2Mudassar Iqbal3Zain Ul Aabdin4Mengen Xu5Quan Mo6Jiakui Li7Jiakui Li8College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, ChinaDepartment of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Ziauddin University, Karachi, PakistanCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, ChinaAcute hepatic injury is a severe condition that is always accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammation, seriously threatening the health of the host. Probiotics have been shown to be involved in the regulation of antioxidant system and gut microbiota activity, but studies on the effects of yak derived Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) on acute liver injury and oxidative stress remain scarce. Here, we aim to explore the ameliorative effects of B. subtilis isolated from yaks on oxidative stress and hepatic injury caused by D-galactose, as well as the underlying processes. Results indicated that B. subtilis administration, particularly the BS3, significantly mitigated hepatic damage induced by D-galactose in mice as evidenced by ameliorating liver tissue damage as well as decreasing ALT (p < 0.05) and AST (p < 0.05) levels. Additionally, the B. subtilis intervention was demonstrated to enhance the antioxidant system in D-galactose-exposed mice, as manifested by increased T-AOC and SOD, alongside a decrease in MDA levels (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, B. subtilis intervention could effectively mitigate oxidative damage via modulating the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Importantly, B. subtilis exhibited a pronounced protective effect against D-galactose-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction through improving tight junction proteins. The gut microbiota results suggest that BS3 alters the abundance of some gut flora such as Firmicutes phylum and Oscillibacter and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136 genera, which affects the composition of the gut microbiota and reverses the decrease in the microbial richness index in mice. In summary, these findings demonstrated that B. subtilis isolated from yaks serve as a promising candidate to ameliorate oxidative damage and hepatic injury. Meanwhile, the positive regulation effect of B. subtilis on gut microbiota and intestinal mucosal barrier may be one of its underlying mechanisms to alleviate oxidative stress and hepatic injury.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1550556/fullyakBacillus subtilisoxidative stresshepatic injuryKeap1/Nrf2 signaling pathwaygut microbiota
spellingShingle Lei Wang
Aoyun Li
Xiaohu Zhang
Mudassar Iqbal
Zain Ul Aabdin
Mengen Xu
Quan Mo
Jiakui Li
Jiakui Li
Effect of Bacillus subtilis isolated from yaks on D-galactose-induced oxidative stress and hepatic damage in mice
Frontiers in Microbiology
yak
Bacillus subtilis
oxidative stress
hepatic injury
Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway
gut microbiota
title Effect of Bacillus subtilis isolated from yaks on D-galactose-induced oxidative stress and hepatic damage in mice
title_full Effect of Bacillus subtilis isolated from yaks on D-galactose-induced oxidative stress and hepatic damage in mice
title_fullStr Effect of Bacillus subtilis isolated from yaks on D-galactose-induced oxidative stress and hepatic damage in mice
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Bacillus subtilis isolated from yaks on D-galactose-induced oxidative stress and hepatic damage in mice
title_short Effect of Bacillus subtilis isolated from yaks on D-galactose-induced oxidative stress and hepatic damage in mice
title_sort effect of bacillus subtilis isolated from yaks on d galactose induced oxidative stress and hepatic damage in mice
topic yak
Bacillus subtilis
oxidative stress
hepatic injury
Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway
gut microbiota
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1550556/full
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