Rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in Fujian Province, Southeast China: a retrospective analysis of drug resistance screening and treatment outcomes, 2019–2024

BackgroundsRifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) remains a major challenge to global TB control efforts. In Fujian Province, Southeast China, where RR-TB prevalence has been notably high, understanding epidemiological trends and treatment outcomes is crucial for optimizing interventions. This st...

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Main Authors: Yinfa Zhou, Zhisong Dai, Shufang Lin, Daiquan Chen, Jian Lin, Kun Chen, Yongming Lin, Yanqin Deng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Public Health
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1611459/full
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author Yinfa Zhou
Zhisong Dai
Zhisong Dai
Shufang Lin
Shufang Lin
Daiquan Chen
Jian Lin
Kun Chen
Yongming Lin
Yanqin Deng
Yanqin Deng
author_facet Yinfa Zhou
Zhisong Dai
Zhisong Dai
Shufang Lin
Shufang Lin
Daiquan Chen
Jian Lin
Kun Chen
Yongming Lin
Yanqin Deng
Yanqin Deng
author_sort Yinfa Zhou
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundsRifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) remains a major challenge to global TB control efforts. In Fujian Province, Southeast China, where RR-TB prevalence has been notably high, understanding epidemiological trends and treatment outcomes is crucial for optimizing interventions. This study aimed to analyze RR-TB characteristics, resistance patterns, and treatment outcomes to inform evidence-based control strategies.MethodsAn observational study was conducted utilizing data from China’s National Tuberculosis Information Management System, focusing on bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis cases reported in Fujian Province during 2019–2024. Epidemiological characteristics, drug resistance and outcomes of RR-TB were described as frequency (n) and percentage (%). Risk factors for unsuccessful outcomes were assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsA total of 1,368 RR-TB patients were detected, with an overall resistance rate of 3.7%. The RR rate showed a steady decline year by year (χ2 = 76.214, p < 0.001), mainly due to the decrease in new TB cases (χ2 = 60.966, p < 0.001). RR-TB patients exhibited higher co-resistance to isoniazid (71.9% vs. 6.3%, p < 0.001) and ofloxacin (29.8% vs. 1.8%, p < 0.001) compared to rifampicin-sensitive TB. Of 1,056 RR-TB patients initiated on treatment, 720 had outcome data, revealing a low success rate (58.6%) due to high loss to follow-up (31.1%) and mortality (9.3%). Multivariate analysis identified male sex (AOR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.11–2.52, p = 0.014), age ≥45 years (AOR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.58–3.26, p < 0.001), high-risk group status (AOR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.04–1.94, p = 0.026), and occupation as farmer/worker (AOR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.10–4.26, p = 0.025) as independent risk factors of unsuccessful treatment.ConclusionFujian Province has demonstrated a steady decline in rifampicin resistance rates, primarily driven by reductions in new TB cases. However, treatment inclusion rate and success rate remains suboptimal, highlighting the need for targeted interventions—including enhanced adherence support, intensive follow-up, and adverse event management—particularly for high-risk groups such as older males and manual laborers. These findings can guide tailored strategies to further reduce RR-TB burden in similar settings.
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spelling doaj-art-d90cb950725e4634ada8b7de623e16272025-08-20T02:40:29ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652025-07-011310.3389/fpubh.2025.16114591611459Rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in Fujian Province, Southeast China: a retrospective analysis of drug resistance screening and treatment outcomes, 2019–2024Yinfa Zhou0Zhisong Dai1Zhisong Dai2Shufang Lin3Shufang Lin4Daiquan Chen5Jian Lin6Kun Chen7Yongming Lin8Yanqin Deng9Yanqin Deng10Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, ChinaFujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, ChinaFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou, ChinaFujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, ChinaFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou, ChinaFujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, ChinaFujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, ChinaFujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, ChinaFujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, ChinaFujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, ChinaFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou, ChinaBackgroundsRifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) remains a major challenge to global TB control efforts. In Fujian Province, Southeast China, where RR-TB prevalence has been notably high, understanding epidemiological trends and treatment outcomes is crucial for optimizing interventions. This study aimed to analyze RR-TB characteristics, resistance patterns, and treatment outcomes to inform evidence-based control strategies.MethodsAn observational study was conducted utilizing data from China’s National Tuberculosis Information Management System, focusing on bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis cases reported in Fujian Province during 2019–2024. Epidemiological characteristics, drug resistance and outcomes of RR-TB were described as frequency (n) and percentage (%). Risk factors for unsuccessful outcomes were assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsA total of 1,368 RR-TB patients were detected, with an overall resistance rate of 3.7%. The RR rate showed a steady decline year by year (χ2 = 76.214, p < 0.001), mainly due to the decrease in new TB cases (χ2 = 60.966, p < 0.001). RR-TB patients exhibited higher co-resistance to isoniazid (71.9% vs. 6.3%, p < 0.001) and ofloxacin (29.8% vs. 1.8%, p < 0.001) compared to rifampicin-sensitive TB. Of 1,056 RR-TB patients initiated on treatment, 720 had outcome data, revealing a low success rate (58.6%) due to high loss to follow-up (31.1%) and mortality (9.3%). Multivariate analysis identified male sex (AOR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.11–2.52, p = 0.014), age ≥45 years (AOR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.58–3.26, p < 0.001), high-risk group status (AOR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.04–1.94, p = 0.026), and occupation as farmer/worker (AOR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.10–4.26, p = 0.025) as independent risk factors of unsuccessful treatment.ConclusionFujian Province has demonstrated a steady decline in rifampicin resistance rates, primarily driven by reductions in new TB cases. However, treatment inclusion rate and success rate remains suboptimal, highlighting the need for targeted interventions—including enhanced adherence support, intensive follow-up, and adverse event management—particularly for high-risk groups such as older males and manual laborers. These findings can guide tailored strategies to further reduce RR-TB burden in similar settings.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1611459/fulltuberculosisrifampicin-resistanttreatment outcomeepidemiologyregression analysis
spellingShingle Yinfa Zhou
Zhisong Dai
Zhisong Dai
Shufang Lin
Shufang Lin
Daiquan Chen
Jian Lin
Kun Chen
Yongming Lin
Yanqin Deng
Yanqin Deng
Rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in Fujian Province, Southeast China: a retrospective analysis of drug resistance screening and treatment outcomes, 2019–2024
Frontiers in Public Health
tuberculosis
rifampicin-resistant
treatment outcome
epidemiology
regression analysis
title Rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in Fujian Province, Southeast China: a retrospective analysis of drug resistance screening and treatment outcomes, 2019–2024
title_full Rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in Fujian Province, Southeast China: a retrospective analysis of drug resistance screening and treatment outcomes, 2019–2024
title_fullStr Rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in Fujian Province, Southeast China: a retrospective analysis of drug resistance screening and treatment outcomes, 2019–2024
title_full_unstemmed Rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in Fujian Province, Southeast China: a retrospective analysis of drug resistance screening and treatment outcomes, 2019–2024
title_short Rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in Fujian Province, Southeast China: a retrospective analysis of drug resistance screening and treatment outcomes, 2019–2024
title_sort rifampicin resistant tuberculosis in fujian province southeast china a retrospective analysis of drug resistance screening and treatment outcomes 2019 2024
topic tuberculosis
rifampicin-resistant
treatment outcome
epidemiology
regression analysis
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1611459/full
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