National mapping of schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminthiasis and anaemia in Yemen: Towards better national control and elimination.

<h4>Background</h4>Schistosomiasis (SCH) and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) are known to be endemic in Yemen. However, the distribution of both diseases had not previously been assessed by a well-structured national mapping study covering all governorates. The main aim of this stud...

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Main Authors: Nur Alia Johari, Dhekra Amin Annuzaili, Hani Farouk El-Talabawy, Maryam Ba-Break, Abdulsalam M Al-Mekhlafi, Samira Al-Eryani, Abdulhakim Ali Alkohlani, Albis Francesco Gabrielli, Riadh Ben-Ismail, Sami Alhaidari, Adel Muaydh, Rasheed Alshami, Magid Al Gunaid, Alaa Hamed, Nehad Kamel, Karen Palacio, Fiona Fleming, Michael Duncan French
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2022-03-01
Series:PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
Online Access:https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0010092&type=printable
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author Nur Alia Johari
Dhekra Amin Annuzaili
Hani Farouk El-Talabawy
Maryam Ba-Break
Abdulsalam M Al-Mekhlafi
Samira Al-Eryani
Abdulhakim Ali Alkohlani
Albis Francesco Gabrielli
Riadh Ben-Ismail
Sami Alhaidari
Adel Muaydh
Rasheed Alshami
Magid Al Gunaid
Alaa Hamed
Nehad Kamel
Karen Palacio
Fiona Fleming
Michael Duncan French
author_facet Nur Alia Johari
Dhekra Amin Annuzaili
Hani Farouk El-Talabawy
Maryam Ba-Break
Abdulsalam M Al-Mekhlafi
Samira Al-Eryani
Abdulhakim Ali Alkohlani
Albis Francesco Gabrielli
Riadh Ben-Ismail
Sami Alhaidari
Adel Muaydh
Rasheed Alshami
Magid Al Gunaid
Alaa Hamed
Nehad Kamel
Karen Palacio
Fiona Fleming
Michael Duncan French
author_sort Nur Alia Johari
collection DOAJ
description <h4>Background</h4>Schistosomiasis (SCH) and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) are known to be endemic in Yemen. However, the distribution of both diseases had not previously been assessed by a well-structured national mapping study covering all governorates. The main aim of this study was, therefore, to map the prevalence of SCH and STH in Yemen in order to better inform implementation of effective national control and elimination interventions. The assessment of the distribution of anaemia was also included as a well-known consequence of infection with both SCH and STH. Secondarily, the study aimed to provide a broad indication of the impact of large-scale treatment on the distribution of infection.<h4>Methodology and principal findings</h4>To achive these aims, 80,432 children (10-14 years old) from 2,664 schools in 332 of Yemen's 333 districts were included, in 2014, into this national cross-sectional survey. Countrywide, 63.3% (210/332) and 75.6% (251/332) of districts were found to be endemic for SCH and STH respectively. More districts were affected by intestinal than urogenital SCH (54.2% and 31.6% respectively). SCH infection was mostly mild and moderate, with no districts reporting high infection. One quarter (24.4%) of Yemeni districts had high or moderate levels of Ascaris lumbricoides infection. Infection with Trichuris trichiura was the second most common STH (44.9% of districts infected) after A. lumbricoides (68.1%). Hookworm was the least prevalent STH (9.0%). Anaemia was prevalent in 96.4% of districts; it represented a severe public health problem (prevalence ≥ 40%) in 26.5% of districts, and a mild to moderate problem in two thirds of the districts (33.7% and 36.1% respectively).<h4>Conclusion</h4>This study provided the first comprehensive mapping of SCH, STH, and anaemia across the country. This formed the basis for evaluating and continuing the national control and elimination programme for these neglected tropical diseases in Yemen.
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spelling doaj-art-d8fe31a3db3d4606a8a908eda7dd328f2025-08-20T02:22:24ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases1935-27271935-27352022-03-01163e001009210.1371/journal.pntd.0010092National mapping of schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminthiasis and anaemia in Yemen: Towards better national control and elimination.Nur Alia JohariDhekra Amin AnnuzailiHani Farouk El-TalabawyMaryam Ba-BreakAbdulsalam M Al-MekhlafiSamira Al-EryaniAbdulhakim Ali AlkohlaniAlbis Francesco GabrielliRiadh Ben-IsmailSami AlhaidariAdel MuaydhRasheed AlshamiMagid Al GunaidAlaa HamedNehad KamelKaren PalacioFiona FlemingMichael Duncan French<h4>Background</h4>Schistosomiasis (SCH) and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) are known to be endemic in Yemen. However, the distribution of both diseases had not previously been assessed by a well-structured national mapping study covering all governorates. The main aim of this study was, therefore, to map the prevalence of SCH and STH in Yemen in order to better inform implementation of effective national control and elimination interventions. The assessment of the distribution of anaemia was also included as a well-known consequence of infection with both SCH and STH. Secondarily, the study aimed to provide a broad indication of the impact of large-scale treatment on the distribution of infection.<h4>Methodology and principal findings</h4>To achive these aims, 80,432 children (10-14 years old) from 2,664 schools in 332 of Yemen's 333 districts were included, in 2014, into this national cross-sectional survey. Countrywide, 63.3% (210/332) and 75.6% (251/332) of districts were found to be endemic for SCH and STH respectively. More districts were affected by intestinal than urogenital SCH (54.2% and 31.6% respectively). SCH infection was mostly mild and moderate, with no districts reporting high infection. One quarter (24.4%) of Yemeni districts had high or moderate levels of Ascaris lumbricoides infection. Infection with Trichuris trichiura was the second most common STH (44.9% of districts infected) after A. lumbricoides (68.1%). Hookworm was the least prevalent STH (9.0%). Anaemia was prevalent in 96.4% of districts; it represented a severe public health problem (prevalence ≥ 40%) in 26.5% of districts, and a mild to moderate problem in two thirds of the districts (33.7% and 36.1% respectively).<h4>Conclusion</h4>This study provided the first comprehensive mapping of SCH, STH, and anaemia across the country. This formed the basis for evaluating and continuing the national control and elimination programme for these neglected tropical diseases in Yemen.https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0010092&type=printable
spellingShingle Nur Alia Johari
Dhekra Amin Annuzaili
Hani Farouk El-Talabawy
Maryam Ba-Break
Abdulsalam M Al-Mekhlafi
Samira Al-Eryani
Abdulhakim Ali Alkohlani
Albis Francesco Gabrielli
Riadh Ben-Ismail
Sami Alhaidari
Adel Muaydh
Rasheed Alshami
Magid Al Gunaid
Alaa Hamed
Nehad Kamel
Karen Palacio
Fiona Fleming
Michael Duncan French
National mapping of schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminthiasis and anaemia in Yemen: Towards better national control and elimination.
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
title National mapping of schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminthiasis and anaemia in Yemen: Towards better national control and elimination.
title_full National mapping of schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminthiasis and anaemia in Yemen: Towards better national control and elimination.
title_fullStr National mapping of schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminthiasis and anaemia in Yemen: Towards better national control and elimination.
title_full_unstemmed National mapping of schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminthiasis and anaemia in Yemen: Towards better national control and elimination.
title_short National mapping of schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminthiasis and anaemia in Yemen: Towards better national control and elimination.
title_sort national mapping of schistosomiasis soil transmitted helminthiasis and anaemia in yemen towards better national control and elimination
url https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0010092&type=printable
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