High Glucose with Insulin Induces Cell Cycle Progression and Activation of Oncogenic Signaling of Bladder Epithelial Cells Cotreated with Metformin and Pioglitazone
Metformin and pioglitazone are two commonly prescribed oral hypoglycemic agents for diabetes. Recent evidence suggests that these drugs may contribute to bladder cancer. This study investigated molecular mechanism underlying effects of metformin and pioglitazone in bladder epithelial carcinogenesis...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2019-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Diabetes Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2376512 |
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| author | Daejin Kim Byul-Nim Ahn YeongSeok Kim Dae Young Hur Jae Wook Yang Ga Bin Park Jung Eun Jang Eun Ju Lee Min Jeong Kwon Tae Nyun Kim Mi Kyung Kim Jeong Hyun Park Byoung Doo Rhee Soon Hee Lee |
| author_facet | Daejin Kim Byul-Nim Ahn YeongSeok Kim Dae Young Hur Jae Wook Yang Ga Bin Park Jung Eun Jang Eun Ju Lee Min Jeong Kwon Tae Nyun Kim Mi Kyung Kim Jeong Hyun Park Byoung Doo Rhee Soon Hee Lee |
| author_sort | Daejin Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Metformin and pioglitazone are two commonly prescribed oral hypoglycemic agents for diabetes. Recent evidence suggests that these drugs may contribute to bladder cancer. This study investigated molecular mechanism underlying effects of metformin and pioglitazone in bladder epithelial carcinogenesis in type 2 diabetes. The cells derived from human bladder epithelial cells (HBlEpCs) were treated with metformin or pioglitazone with high glucose and insulin. Cell viability and proliferation were evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and a bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assay, respectively, while cell cycle regulatory factors and oncogene expression were analyzed using western blotting. Metformin or pioglitazone suppressed cell viability concentration and time dependently, which was reversed by exposure to high glucose with or without insulin. Prolonged exposure to high glucose and insulin enhanced cyclin D, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4), and Cdk2 expression and suppressed cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p15/16 in HBlEpC cotreated with pioglitazone and metformin. Levels of tumor suppressor proteins p53 and cav-1 were downregulated while those of the oncogenic protein as c-Myc were upregulated under high glucose and insulin supplementation in HBlEpC cotreated with pioglitazone and metformin. Prolonged exposure to high glucose with or without insulin downregulated B cell lymphoma 2-associated X (Bax) and failed to enhance the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) in drug-treated cells. These results suggest that hyperglycemic and insulinemic conditions promote cell cycle progression and oncogenic signaling in drug-treated bladder epithelial cells and uncontrolled hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia are probably greater cancer risk factors than diabetes drugs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d8fc5eee2e904f61b2d4a2689a6e335f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2314-6745 2314-6753 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Diabetes Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-d8fc5eee2e904f61b2d4a2689a6e335f2025-02-03T01:26:17ZengWileyJournal of Diabetes Research2314-67452314-67532019-01-01201910.1155/2019/23765122376512High Glucose with Insulin Induces Cell Cycle Progression and Activation of Oncogenic Signaling of Bladder Epithelial Cells Cotreated with Metformin and PioglitazoneDaejin Kim0Byul-Nim Ahn1YeongSeok Kim2Dae Young Hur3Jae Wook Yang4Ga Bin Park5Jung Eun Jang6Eun Ju Lee7Min Jeong Kwon8Tae Nyun Kim9Mi Kyung Kim10Jeong Hyun Park11Byoung Doo Rhee12Soon Hee Lee13Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 614-735, Republic of KoreaT2B Infrastructure Center for Ocular Disease, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Anatomy, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 614-735, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Anatomy, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 614-735, Republic of KoreaT2B Infrastructure Center for Ocular Disease, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biochemistry, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of KoreaMetformin and pioglitazone are two commonly prescribed oral hypoglycemic agents for diabetes. Recent evidence suggests that these drugs may contribute to bladder cancer. This study investigated molecular mechanism underlying effects of metformin and pioglitazone in bladder epithelial carcinogenesis in type 2 diabetes. The cells derived from human bladder epithelial cells (HBlEpCs) were treated with metformin or pioglitazone with high glucose and insulin. Cell viability and proliferation were evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and a bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assay, respectively, while cell cycle regulatory factors and oncogene expression were analyzed using western blotting. Metformin or pioglitazone suppressed cell viability concentration and time dependently, which was reversed by exposure to high glucose with or without insulin. Prolonged exposure to high glucose and insulin enhanced cyclin D, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4), and Cdk2 expression and suppressed cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p15/16 in HBlEpC cotreated with pioglitazone and metformin. Levels of tumor suppressor proteins p53 and cav-1 were downregulated while those of the oncogenic protein as c-Myc were upregulated under high glucose and insulin supplementation in HBlEpC cotreated with pioglitazone and metformin. Prolonged exposure to high glucose with or without insulin downregulated B cell lymphoma 2-associated X (Bax) and failed to enhance the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) in drug-treated cells. These results suggest that hyperglycemic and insulinemic conditions promote cell cycle progression and oncogenic signaling in drug-treated bladder epithelial cells and uncontrolled hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia are probably greater cancer risk factors than diabetes drugs.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2376512 |
| spellingShingle | Daejin Kim Byul-Nim Ahn YeongSeok Kim Dae Young Hur Jae Wook Yang Ga Bin Park Jung Eun Jang Eun Ju Lee Min Jeong Kwon Tae Nyun Kim Mi Kyung Kim Jeong Hyun Park Byoung Doo Rhee Soon Hee Lee High Glucose with Insulin Induces Cell Cycle Progression and Activation of Oncogenic Signaling of Bladder Epithelial Cells Cotreated with Metformin and Pioglitazone Journal of Diabetes Research |
| title | High Glucose with Insulin Induces Cell Cycle Progression and Activation of Oncogenic Signaling of Bladder Epithelial Cells Cotreated with Metformin and Pioglitazone |
| title_full | High Glucose with Insulin Induces Cell Cycle Progression and Activation of Oncogenic Signaling of Bladder Epithelial Cells Cotreated with Metformin and Pioglitazone |
| title_fullStr | High Glucose with Insulin Induces Cell Cycle Progression and Activation of Oncogenic Signaling of Bladder Epithelial Cells Cotreated with Metformin and Pioglitazone |
| title_full_unstemmed | High Glucose with Insulin Induces Cell Cycle Progression and Activation of Oncogenic Signaling of Bladder Epithelial Cells Cotreated with Metformin and Pioglitazone |
| title_short | High Glucose with Insulin Induces Cell Cycle Progression and Activation of Oncogenic Signaling of Bladder Epithelial Cells Cotreated with Metformin and Pioglitazone |
| title_sort | high glucose with insulin induces cell cycle progression and activation of oncogenic signaling of bladder epithelial cells cotreated with metformin and pioglitazone |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2376512 |
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