Tree-Based Methods of Volatility Prediction for the S&P 500 Index

Predicting asset return volatility is one of the central problems in quantitative finance. These predictions are used for portfolio construction, calculation of value at risk (VaR), and pricing of derivatives such as options. Classical methods of volatility prediction utilize historical returns data...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Marin Lolic
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Computation
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/13/4/84
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850155910704398336
author Marin Lolic
author_facet Marin Lolic
author_sort Marin Lolic
collection DOAJ
description Predicting asset return volatility is one of the central problems in quantitative finance. These predictions are used for portfolio construction, calculation of value at risk (VaR), and pricing of derivatives such as options. Classical methods of volatility prediction utilize historical returns data and include the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) and generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH). These approaches have shown significantly higher rates of predictive accuracy than corresponding methods of return forecasting, but they still have vast room for improvement. In this paper, we propose and test several methods of volatility forecasting on the S&P 500 Index using tree ensembles from machine learning, namely random forest and gradient boosting. We show that these methods generally outperform the classical approaches across a variety of metrics on out-of-sample data. Finally, we use the unique properties of tree-based ensembles to assess what data can be particularly useful in predicting asset return volatility.
format Article
id doaj-art-d8fc2eb20902463e92383c0d244c67c5
institution OA Journals
issn 2079-3197
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Computation
spelling doaj-art-d8fc2eb20902463e92383c0d244c67c52025-08-20T02:24:45ZengMDPI AGComputation2079-31972025-03-011348410.3390/computation13040084Tree-Based Methods of Volatility Prediction for the S&P 500 IndexMarin Lolic0Independent Researcher, Baltimore, MD 21210, USAPredicting asset return volatility is one of the central problems in quantitative finance. These predictions are used for portfolio construction, calculation of value at risk (VaR), and pricing of derivatives such as options. Classical methods of volatility prediction utilize historical returns data and include the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) and generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH). These approaches have shown significantly higher rates of predictive accuracy than corresponding methods of return forecasting, but they still have vast room for improvement. In this paper, we propose and test several methods of volatility forecasting on the S&P 500 Index using tree ensembles from machine learning, namely random forest and gradient boosting. We show that these methods generally outperform the classical approaches across a variety of metrics on out-of-sample data. Finally, we use the unique properties of tree-based ensembles to assess what data can be particularly useful in predicting asset return volatility.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/13/4/84volatilitytree ensemblesGARCHpredictionmachine learning
spellingShingle Marin Lolic
Tree-Based Methods of Volatility Prediction for the S&P 500 Index
Computation
volatility
tree ensembles
GARCH
prediction
machine learning
title Tree-Based Methods of Volatility Prediction for the S&P 500 Index
title_full Tree-Based Methods of Volatility Prediction for the S&P 500 Index
title_fullStr Tree-Based Methods of Volatility Prediction for the S&P 500 Index
title_full_unstemmed Tree-Based Methods of Volatility Prediction for the S&P 500 Index
title_short Tree-Based Methods of Volatility Prediction for the S&P 500 Index
title_sort tree based methods of volatility prediction for the s p 500 index
topic volatility
tree ensembles
GARCH
prediction
machine learning
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/13/4/84
work_keys_str_mv AT marinlolic treebasedmethodsofvolatilitypredictionforthesp500index