Sex-Related Differences in Heart Failure Development in Patients After First Myocardial Infarction: The Role of Galectin-3

<b>Backgrounds:</b> Galectin-3 (gal-3) is upregulated in remodeling, and failing myocardium and gal-3 levels are increased in hypertrophy, fibrosis and inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of sex-related differences in the following: risk factors, lef...

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Main Authors: Milica Dekleva, Tamara Djuric, Ana Djordjevic, Ivan Soldatovic, Aleksandra Stankovic, Jelena Suzic Lazic, Maja Zivkovic
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Biomedicines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/12/2661
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author Milica Dekleva
Tamara Djuric
Ana Djordjevic
Ivan Soldatovic
Aleksandra Stankovic
Jelena Suzic Lazic
Maja Zivkovic
author_facet Milica Dekleva
Tamara Djuric
Ana Djordjevic
Ivan Soldatovic
Aleksandra Stankovic
Jelena Suzic Lazic
Maja Zivkovic
author_sort Milica Dekleva
collection DOAJ
description <b>Backgrounds:</b> Galectin-3 (gal-3) is upregulated in remodeling, and failing myocardium and gal-3 levels are increased in hypertrophy, fibrosis and inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of sex-related differences in the following: risk factors, left ventricular (LV) structural and functional changes, coronary angiography, expression of the gal-3 encoding gene <i>LGALS-3</i> and plasma gal-3 levels in heart failure (HF). <b>Materials and Methods</b>: This prospective study included 137 men and 44 women with first MI who underwent Doppler echocardiography within 2–4 days of MI and after 6 months. Relative <i>LGALS-3</i> mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was detected using TaqMan<sup>®</sup> technology. Plasma gal-3 concentration was determined by ELISA method. <b>Results</b>: In the acute phase of MI, LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volume indexes (LVEDVI and LVESVI) were significantly lower in women compared to men (58.2 ± 13.1 vs. 46.3 ± 11.1, <i>p</i> < 0.001; 33.7 ± 9.5 vs. 27.0 ± 9.2, <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively). The incidence of LV hypertrophy (LVH) and HF was significantly higher in women compared to men (70.0% vs. 44.6%, <i>p</i> = 0.03; 37.5% vs.19.5%, <i>p</i> = 0.02, respectively). There was a significant correlation between the grade of LV diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) and plasma gal-3 levels (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The relative expression of <i>LGALS-3</i> mRNA in PBMCs was higher in females (fold induction = 1.326, S.E. range = 0.748–2.587, <i>p</i> = 0.007). Plasma gal-3 levels were higher in women compared to men (44.66 ± 28.04 vs. 16.30 ± 12.68, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and higher in patients with HF than in patients without HF (31.14 ± 27.09 vs.21.39 ± 18.17, <i>p</i> = 0.025). <b>Conclusions</b>: Gender-specific factors such as LVH, LVDD, <i>LGALS-3</i> mRNA expression and plasma gal-3 levels may explain the increased incidence of HF in women. The differences in the model and determinants of HF between men and women may be relevant for further therapeutic strategies including the inhibition of gal-3.
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spelling doaj-art-d8e910dcd9224029ba129dfbfb9b062c2025-08-20T02:01:00ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592024-11-011212266110.3390/biomedicines12122661Sex-Related Differences in Heart Failure Development in Patients After First Myocardial Infarction: The Role of Galectin-3Milica Dekleva0Tamara Djuric1Ana Djordjevic2Ivan Soldatovic3Aleksandra Stankovic4Jelena Suzic Lazic5Maja Zivkovic6Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaLaboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaLaboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaFaculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaLaboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaFaculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaLaboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia<b>Backgrounds:</b> Galectin-3 (gal-3) is upregulated in remodeling, and failing myocardium and gal-3 levels are increased in hypertrophy, fibrosis and inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of sex-related differences in the following: risk factors, left ventricular (LV) structural and functional changes, coronary angiography, expression of the gal-3 encoding gene <i>LGALS-3</i> and plasma gal-3 levels in heart failure (HF). <b>Materials and Methods</b>: This prospective study included 137 men and 44 women with first MI who underwent Doppler echocardiography within 2–4 days of MI and after 6 months. Relative <i>LGALS-3</i> mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was detected using TaqMan<sup>®</sup> technology. Plasma gal-3 concentration was determined by ELISA method. <b>Results</b>: In the acute phase of MI, LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volume indexes (LVEDVI and LVESVI) were significantly lower in women compared to men (58.2 ± 13.1 vs. 46.3 ± 11.1, <i>p</i> < 0.001; 33.7 ± 9.5 vs. 27.0 ± 9.2, <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively). The incidence of LV hypertrophy (LVH) and HF was significantly higher in women compared to men (70.0% vs. 44.6%, <i>p</i> = 0.03; 37.5% vs.19.5%, <i>p</i> = 0.02, respectively). There was a significant correlation between the grade of LV diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) and plasma gal-3 levels (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The relative expression of <i>LGALS-3</i> mRNA in PBMCs was higher in females (fold induction = 1.326, S.E. range = 0.748–2.587, <i>p</i> = 0.007). Plasma gal-3 levels were higher in women compared to men (44.66 ± 28.04 vs. 16.30 ± 12.68, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and higher in patients with HF than in patients without HF (31.14 ± 27.09 vs.21.39 ± 18.17, <i>p</i> = 0.025). <b>Conclusions</b>: Gender-specific factors such as LVH, LVDD, <i>LGALS-3</i> mRNA expression and plasma gal-3 levels may explain the increased incidence of HF in women. The differences in the model and determinants of HF between men and women may be relevant for further therapeutic strategies including the inhibition of gal-3.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/12/2661heart failuremyocardial infarctiongalectin-3<i>LGALS-3</i> mRNAgal-3 ELISA
spellingShingle Milica Dekleva
Tamara Djuric
Ana Djordjevic
Ivan Soldatovic
Aleksandra Stankovic
Jelena Suzic Lazic
Maja Zivkovic
Sex-Related Differences in Heart Failure Development in Patients After First Myocardial Infarction: The Role of Galectin-3
Biomedicines
heart failure
myocardial infarction
galectin-3
<i>LGALS-3</i> mRNA
gal-3 ELISA
title Sex-Related Differences in Heart Failure Development in Patients After First Myocardial Infarction: The Role of Galectin-3
title_full Sex-Related Differences in Heart Failure Development in Patients After First Myocardial Infarction: The Role of Galectin-3
title_fullStr Sex-Related Differences in Heart Failure Development in Patients After First Myocardial Infarction: The Role of Galectin-3
title_full_unstemmed Sex-Related Differences in Heart Failure Development in Patients After First Myocardial Infarction: The Role of Galectin-3
title_short Sex-Related Differences in Heart Failure Development in Patients After First Myocardial Infarction: The Role of Galectin-3
title_sort sex related differences in heart failure development in patients after first myocardial infarction the role of galectin 3
topic heart failure
myocardial infarction
galectin-3
<i>LGALS-3</i> mRNA
gal-3 ELISA
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/12/2661
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