OMIC Technologies and Vaccine Development: From the Identification of Vulnerable Individuals to the Formulation of Invulnerable Vaccines
Routine vaccination is among the most effective clinical interventions to prevent diseases as it is estimated to save over 3 million lives every year. However, the full potential of global immunization programs is not realised because population coverage is still suboptimal. This is also due to the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2019-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Immunology Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8732191 |
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| author | Nicola Cotugno Alessandra Ruggiero Veronica Santilli Emma Concetta Manno Salvatore Rocca Sonia Zicari Donato Amodio Manuela Colucci Paolo Rossi Ofer Levy Federico Martinon-Torres Andrew J. Pollard Paolo Palma |
| author_facet | Nicola Cotugno Alessandra Ruggiero Veronica Santilli Emma Concetta Manno Salvatore Rocca Sonia Zicari Donato Amodio Manuela Colucci Paolo Rossi Ofer Levy Federico Martinon-Torres Andrew J. Pollard Paolo Palma |
| author_sort | Nicola Cotugno |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Routine vaccination is among the most effective clinical interventions to prevent diseases as it is estimated to save over 3 million lives every year. However, the full potential of global immunization programs is not realised because population coverage is still suboptimal. This is also due to the inadequate immune response and paucity of informative correlates of protection upon immunization of vulnerable individuals such as newborns, preterm infants, pregnant women, and elderly individuals as well as those patients affected by chronic and immune compromising medical conditions. In addition, these groups are undervaccinated for a number of reasons, including lack of awareness of vaccine-preventable diseases and uncertainty or misconceptions about the safety and efficacy of vaccination by parents and healthcare providers. The presence of these nonresponders/undervaccinated individuals represents a major health and economic burden to society, which will become particularly difficult to address in settings with limited public resources. This review describes innovative and experimental approaches that can help identify specific genomic profiles defining nonresponder individuals for whom specific interventions might be needed. We will provide examples that show how such information can be useful to identify novel biomarkers of safety and immunogenicity for future vaccine trials. Finally, we will discuss how system biology “OMICs” data can be used to design bioinformatic tools to predict the vaccination outcome providing genetic and molecular “signatures” of protective immune response. This strategy may soon enable identification of signatures highly predictive of vaccine safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy/protection thereby informing personalized vaccine interventions in vulnerable populations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d8d43234c4ac4ad6aa97dff222842337 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2314-8861 2314-7156 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Immunology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-d8d43234c4ac4ad6aa97dff2228423372025-02-03T01:26:09ZengWileyJournal of Immunology Research2314-88612314-71562019-01-01201910.1155/2019/87321918732191OMIC Technologies and Vaccine Development: From the Identification of Vulnerable Individuals to the Formulation of Invulnerable VaccinesNicola Cotugno0Alessandra Ruggiero1Veronica Santilli2Emma Concetta Manno3Salvatore Rocca4Sonia Zicari5Donato Amodio6Manuela Colucci7Paolo Rossi8Ofer Levy9Federico Martinon-Torres10Andrew J. Pollard11Paolo Palma12Academic Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infection, Children’s Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, ItalyAcademic Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infection, Children’s Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, ItalyAcademic Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infection, Children’s Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, ItalyAcademic Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infection, Children’s Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, ItalyAcademic Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infection, Children’s Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, ItalyAcademic Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infection, Children’s Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, ItalyAcademic Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infection, Children’s Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, ItalyLaboratory of Nephrology, Department of Rare Diseases, Children’s Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, ItalyAcademic Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infection, Children’s Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, ItalyPrecision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USATranslational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, SpainOxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UKAcademic Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infection, Children’s Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, ItalyRoutine vaccination is among the most effective clinical interventions to prevent diseases as it is estimated to save over 3 million lives every year. However, the full potential of global immunization programs is not realised because population coverage is still suboptimal. This is also due to the inadequate immune response and paucity of informative correlates of protection upon immunization of vulnerable individuals such as newborns, preterm infants, pregnant women, and elderly individuals as well as those patients affected by chronic and immune compromising medical conditions. In addition, these groups are undervaccinated for a number of reasons, including lack of awareness of vaccine-preventable diseases and uncertainty or misconceptions about the safety and efficacy of vaccination by parents and healthcare providers. The presence of these nonresponders/undervaccinated individuals represents a major health and economic burden to society, which will become particularly difficult to address in settings with limited public resources. This review describes innovative and experimental approaches that can help identify specific genomic profiles defining nonresponder individuals for whom specific interventions might be needed. We will provide examples that show how such information can be useful to identify novel biomarkers of safety and immunogenicity for future vaccine trials. Finally, we will discuss how system biology “OMICs” data can be used to design bioinformatic tools to predict the vaccination outcome providing genetic and molecular “signatures” of protective immune response. This strategy may soon enable identification of signatures highly predictive of vaccine safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy/protection thereby informing personalized vaccine interventions in vulnerable populations.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8732191 |
| spellingShingle | Nicola Cotugno Alessandra Ruggiero Veronica Santilli Emma Concetta Manno Salvatore Rocca Sonia Zicari Donato Amodio Manuela Colucci Paolo Rossi Ofer Levy Federico Martinon-Torres Andrew J. Pollard Paolo Palma OMIC Technologies and Vaccine Development: From the Identification of Vulnerable Individuals to the Formulation of Invulnerable Vaccines Journal of Immunology Research |
| title | OMIC Technologies and Vaccine Development: From the Identification of Vulnerable Individuals to the Formulation of Invulnerable Vaccines |
| title_full | OMIC Technologies and Vaccine Development: From the Identification of Vulnerable Individuals to the Formulation of Invulnerable Vaccines |
| title_fullStr | OMIC Technologies and Vaccine Development: From the Identification of Vulnerable Individuals to the Formulation of Invulnerable Vaccines |
| title_full_unstemmed | OMIC Technologies and Vaccine Development: From the Identification of Vulnerable Individuals to the Formulation of Invulnerable Vaccines |
| title_short | OMIC Technologies and Vaccine Development: From the Identification of Vulnerable Individuals to the Formulation of Invulnerable Vaccines |
| title_sort | omic technologies and vaccine development from the identification of vulnerable individuals to the formulation of invulnerable vaccines |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8732191 |
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