Cholera outbreak in Hanang District, Manyara, Tanzania, July 2024: An unmatched case-control study
Introduction: Cholera, a secretory diarrheal illness caused by Vibrio cholerae, is a significant public health threat in low-income countries, resulting in 1.3 to 4.0 million cases and 21,000 to 140,000 deaths annually. Persistent cholera outbreaks in the country necessitate investigation, Water Sa...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
African Field Epidemiology Network
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://afenet-journal.org/cholera-outbreak-in-hanang-district-manyara-tanzania-july-2024-an-unmatched-case-control-study/ |
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| Summary: | Introduction: Cholera, a secretory diarrheal illness caused by Vibrio cholerae, is a significant public health threat in low-income countries, resulting in 1.3 to 4.0 million cases and 21,000 to 140,000 deaths annually. Persistent cholera outbreaks in the country necessitate investigation, Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) improvements, and strengthened response interventions. This study aimed to describe the outbreak, determine its source and risk factors and institute control measures to guide effective prevention and containment strategies.
Methods: We conducted a descriptive analysis of the cholera cases recorded in the line list. Data collection for the case-control study was done using Kobo Toolbox. The QGIS 3.26.3 was used to map the hotspot area. Categorical variables were summarized using frequency distributions, and binary logistic regression was applied to assess factors associated with cholera disease transmission. The measure of association was the Odds Ratio (OR) with corresponding 95% Confidence Intervals (CI). Statistical significance was set at a p-value of <0.05.
Results: We found an Attack Rate (AR) of (86/17146, 0.5%), and the majority of cholera cases were below 25 years 19/45 (42.2) than control 9/45 (20%). More than half of the cases (44/86, 51.2%) were female. A total of 79/86 (91.9%) cases were farmers. A total of 85/86 (98.8%) were residing in the Gisambalang ward, and 42/86 (48.8%) were from Gandi hamlet. The Case Fatality rate (CFR) was 3 (3.5%). We found that individuals below the age of 25 years had 4.05 times the odds of getting cholera (AOR 4.05, 95%CI: 1.45-11.26). Individuals who ate food outside their homes had 4.43 times the odds of getting cholera (AOR 4.43, 95%CI: 1.55- 12.63).
Conclusion: Overall, the cholera outbreak in Hanang district, specifically in Gisambalang ward, affected farmers. Also, the case fatality rate was high, 3.5%. The age below 25 years and eating outside the home was significantly associated with cholera transmission. We emphasize community education, personal hygiene and sanitation interventions. |
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| ISSN: | 2664-2824 |