Potassium Fertilization Alters the Morphogenetic, Structural, and Productive Characteristics of <i>Panicum maximum</i> Cultivars

The objective was to evaluate the effects of potassium fertilization on the morphogenetic, structural, and productive characteristics of <i>Panicum maximum</i> (cvs. Tanzania, Quênia, Mombaça, Zuri, Massai, and Tamani). The design was in randomized blocks with four doses of potassium (K)...

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Main Authors: Emmanuel Lievio de Lima Véras, Gelson dos Santos Difante, Alexandre Romeiro de Araújo, Denise Baptaglin Montagner, Gabriela Oliveira de Aquino Monteiro, Carolina Marques Costa Araújo, Antonio Leandro Chaves Gurgel, Manuel Cláudio Motta Macedo, Jéssica Gomes Rodrigues, Juliana Caroline Santos Santana
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Grasses
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2813-3463/3/4/21
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author Emmanuel Lievio de Lima Véras
Gelson dos Santos Difante
Alexandre Romeiro de Araújo
Denise Baptaglin Montagner
Gabriela Oliveira de Aquino Monteiro
Carolina Marques Costa Araújo
Antonio Leandro Chaves Gurgel
Manuel Cláudio Motta Macedo
Jéssica Gomes Rodrigues
Juliana Caroline Santos Santana
author_facet Emmanuel Lievio de Lima Véras
Gelson dos Santos Difante
Alexandre Romeiro de Araújo
Denise Baptaglin Montagner
Gabriela Oliveira de Aquino Monteiro
Carolina Marques Costa Araújo
Antonio Leandro Chaves Gurgel
Manuel Cláudio Motta Macedo
Jéssica Gomes Rodrigues
Juliana Caroline Santos Santana
author_sort Emmanuel Lievio de Lima Véras
collection DOAJ
description The objective was to evaluate the effects of potassium fertilization on the morphogenetic, structural, and productive characteristics of <i>Panicum maximum</i> (cvs. Tanzania, Quênia, Mombaça, Zuri, Massai, and Tamani). The design was in randomized blocks with four doses of potassium (K) 0, 205, 410, and 820 mg dm<sup>−3</sup>, divided into 5 applications. The analyzed variables were leaf appearance rate (LAR), leaf elongation rate (LER), stem elongation rate (SER), leaf senescence rate (LSR), leaf life span (LLS), phyllochron (PC), number of live leaves (NLL), final leaf length (FLL), tiller population density (TPD), and forage mass (FM). LAR increased by 0.00216 leaves tiller on day-1 (<i>p</i> = 0.0354) and LER increased by 0.00980 cm tiller on day-1 for each milligram of K (<i>p</i> = 0.0402). There was an increase in FLL of 0.16, 0.08, and 0.07 days for the cultivars Mombaça, Massai, and Tamani, respectively, for each milligram of K applied (<i>p</i> = 0.0034). The TPD of the cultivar Tamani increased linearly by 0.074 tillers/pot for each milligram of K (<i>p</i> = 0.0226), and the cultivar Massai showed a quadratic behavior. The TPD of the other cultivars was not influenced by the increase in the K doses. For forage mass (FM), the cultivars Mombaça and Quênia increased by 0.16 and 0.39 g DM/pot for each milligram of K added to the soil. The cultivars Tanzânia, Zuri, Massai, and Tamani showed maximum point at doses of 261.35, 279.45, 300.57, and 275.86 mg dm<sup>−3</sup> K, respectively. Potassium fertilization linearly increased leaf appearance and elongation, with maximum productivity reached at a K dose of 430 mg dm<sup>−3</sup>, except for the cultivars Mombaça and Quênia, which responded up to a K dose of 820 mg dm<sup>−3</sup>.
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spelling doaj-art-d8c8a3f3fab2454cbc728cb051063eee2025-08-20T02:55:41ZengMDPI AGGrasses2813-34632024-11-013428729610.3390/grasses3040021Potassium Fertilization Alters the Morphogenetic, Structural, and Productive Characteristics of <i>Panicum maximum</i> CultivarsEmmanuel Lievio de Lima Véras0Gelson dos Santos Difante1Alexandre Romeiro de Araújo2Denise Baptaglin Montagner3Gabriela Oliveira de Aquino Monteiro4Carolina Marques Costa Araújo5Antonio Leandro Chaves Gurgel6Manuel Cláudio Motta Macedo7Jéssica Gomes Rodrigues8Juliana Caroline Santos Santana9Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, BrazilFaculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, BrazilBrazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, EMBRAPA Gado de Corte, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, BrazilBrazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, EMBRAPA Gado de Corte, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, BrazilFaculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, BrazilFaculty of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Greater Dourados, Dourados 79804-970, MS, BrazilCampus Professor Cinobelina Elvas, Federal University of Piauí, Bom Jesus 64900-000, PI, BrazilBrazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, EMBRAPA Gado de Corte, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, BrazilFaculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, BrazilFaculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, BrazilThe objective was to evaluate the effects of potassium fertilization on the morphogenetic, structural, and productive characteristics of <i>Panicum maximum</i> (cvs. Tanzania, Quênia, Mombaça, Zuri, Massai, and Tamani). The design was in randomized blocks with four doses of potassium (K) 0, 205, 410, and 820 mg dm<sup>−3</sup>, divided into 5 applications. The analyzed variables were leaf appearance rate (LAR), leaf elongation rate (LER), stem elongation rate (SER), leaf senescence rate (LSR), leaf life span (LLS), phyllochron (PC), number of live leaves (NLL), final leaf length (FLL), tiller population density (TPD), and forage mass (FM). LAR increased by 0.00216 leaves tiller on day-1 (<i>p</i> = 0.0354) and LER increased by 0.00980 cm tiller on day-1 for each milligram of K (<i>p</i> = 0.0402). There was an increase in FLL of 0.16, 0.08, and 0.07 days for the cultivars Mombaça, Massai, and Tamani, respectively, for each milligram of K applied (<i>p</i> = 0.0034). The TPD of the cultivar Tamani increased linearly by 0.074 tillers/pot for each milligram of K (<i>p</i> = 0.0226), and the cultivar Massai showed a quadratic behavior. The TPD of the other cultivars was not influenced by the increase in the K doses. For forage mass (FM), the cultivars Mombaça and Quênia increased by 0.16 and 0.39 g DM/pot for each milligram of K added to the soil. The cultivars Tanzânia, Zuri, Massai, and Tamani showed maximum point at doses of 261.35, 279.45, 300.57, and 275.86 mg dm<sup>−3</sup> K, respectively. Potassium fertilization linearly increased leaf appearance and elongation, with maximum productivity reached at a K dose of 430 mg dm<sup>−3</sup>, except for the cultivars Mombaça and Quênia, which responded up to a K dose of 820 mg dm<sup>−3</sup>.https://www.mdpi.com/2813-3463/3/4/21forage massgrowth dynamics<i>Megathyrsus maximus</i>potassium
spellingShingle Emmanuel Lievio de Lima Véras
Gelson dos Santos Difante
Alexandre Romeiro de Araújo
Denise Baptaglin Montagner
Gabriela Oliveira de Aquino Monteiro
Carolina Marques Costa Araújo
Antonio Leandro Chaves Gurgel
Manuel Cláudio Motta Macedo
Jéssica Gomes Rodrigues
Juliana Caroline Santos Santana
Potassium Fertilization Alters the Morphogenetic, Structural, and Productive Characteristics of <i>Panicum maximum</i> Cultivars
Grasses
forage mass
growth dynamics
<i>Megathyrsus maximus</i>
potassium
title Potassium Fertilization Alters the Morphogenetic, Structural, and Productive Characteristics of <i>Panicum maximum</i> Cultivars
title_full Potassium Fertilization Alters the Morphogenetic, Structural, and Productive Characteristics of <i>Panicum maximum</i> Cultivars
title_fullStr Potassium Fertilization Alters the Morphogenetic, Structural, and Productive Characteristics of <i>Panicum maximum</i> Cultivars
title_full_unstemmed Potassium Fertilization Alters the Morphogenetic, Structural, and Productive Characteristics of <i>Panicum maximum</i> Cultivars
title_short Potassium Fertilization Alters the Morphogenetic, Structural, and Productive Characteristics of <i>Panicum maximum</i> Cultivars
title_sort potassium fertilization alters the morphogenetic structural and productive characteristics of i panicum maximum i cultivars
topic forage mass
growth dynamics
<i>Megathyrsus maximus</i>
potassium
url https://www.mdpi.com/2813-3463/3/4/21
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