Indigenous bacteria as potential agents for trace metal remediation in industrial wastewater

Abstract Water pollution is a burning issue that can originate from both urbanization and industrialization. This study aimed to evaluate the industrial wastewater collected from Hayatabad Industrial Estate and to use indigenous bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter aerogenes for bioreme...

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Main Authors: Saba Mazhar Shah, Sara Khan, Nadia Bibi, Bushra Rehman, Ramzan Ali, Farah Shireen, Semih Yilmaz, Qurban Ali, Amin Ullah, Daoud Ali
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97711-y
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author Saba Mazhar Shah
Sara Khan
Nadia Bibi
Bushra Rehman
Ramzan Ali
Farah Shireen
Semih Yilmaz
Qurban Ali
Amin Ullah
Daoud Ali
author_facet Saba Mazhar Shah
Sara Khan
Nadia Bibi
Bushra Rehman
Ramzan Ali
Farah Shireen
Semih Yilmaz
Qurban Ali
Amin Ullah
Daoud Ali
author_sort Saba Mazhar Shah
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Water pollution is a burning issue that can originate from both urbanization and industrialization. This study aimed to evaluate the industrial wastewater collected from Hayatabad Industrial Estate and to use indigenous bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter aerogenes for bioremediation. The water samples collected were analyzed for physicochemical parameters and microbial pollution. To analyze the pollution removal efficiency by indigenous bacterial species, a pot experiment was performed for 14 days. Before and after experiment, the water samples were analyzed for trace metal concentration by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The biochemical and molecular analysis confirmed the presence of two bacterial species (P. aeruginosa and E. aerogenes). The industrial wastewater treated with these isolated bacterial species showed significantly decreased level of electrical conductivity (42.33–86.45%), dissolved oxygen (16.35–63.37%), biological oxygen demand (33.33–80.62%), chemical oxygen demand (00-83.52%), total suspended solids (00–80%), and total dissolved solids (0.00-54.93%). The P. aeruginosa removal efficiency for Cu, Cd, and Pb was ranging 77.58–82.35%, 19.67-50%, and 20.40–91.66%, respectively. Similarly, the E. aerogenes removed Cu, Cd, and Pb in the range of 47.05–60.61%, 54.55–62.29%, and 85.21–91.6%, respectively. Phytotoxicity results revealed that the wastewater treated with both P. aeruginosa and E. aerogenes gives better Triticum sp. % germination rate, leaf length, and root and shoot weight. The highest plant % germination was showed by treated P. aeruginosa in control (100%), followed by E. aerogenes in control (100%). The t- test analysis showed the concentration of trace metals (TM) in industrial wastewater was significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) by bacterio-remediation. The study concluded that both bacterial species are active in the removal of pollution and TM from the wastewater.
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spelling doaj-art-d8b67b904be448728a92be8dfcc2de462025-08-20T03:18:34ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115112210.1038/s41598-025-97711-yIndigenous bacteria as potential agents for trace metal remediation in industrial wastewaterSaba Mazhar Shah0Sara Khan1Nadia Bibi2Bushra Rehman3Ramzan Ali4Farah Shireen5Semih Yilmaz6Qurban Ali7Amin Ullah8Daoud Ali9Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University PeshawarDepartment of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University PeshawarDepartment of Microbiology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University PeshawarInstitute of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Bacha Khan University CharsadaDepartment of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University PeshawarDepartment of Allied Health Sciences, Iqra National University Peshawar (INU)Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Erciyes UniversityDepartment of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the PunjabDepartment of Allied Health Sciences, Iqra National University Peshawar (INU)Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityAbstract Water pollution is a burning issue that can originate from both urbanization and industrialization. This study aimed to evaluate the industrial wastewater collected from Hayatabad Industrial Estate and to use indigenous bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter aerogenes for bioremediation. The water samples collected were analyzed for physicochemical parameters and microbial pollution. To analyze the pollution removal efficiency by indigenous bacterial species, a pot experiment was performed for 14 days. Before and after experiment, the water samples were analyzed for trace metal concentration by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The biochemical and molecular analysis confirmed the presence of two bacterial species (P. aeruginosa and E. aerogenes). The industrial wastewater treated with these isolated bacterial species showed significantly decreased level of electrical conductivity (42.33–86.45%), dissolved oxygen (16.35–63.37%), biological oxygen demand (33.33–80.62%), chemical oxygen demand (00-83.52%), total suspended solids (00–80%), and total dissolved solids (0.00-54.93%). The P. aeruginosa removal efficiency for Cu, Cd, and Pb was ranging 77.58–82.35%, 19.67-50%, and 20.40–91.66%, respectively. Similarly, the E. aerogenes removed Cu, Cd, and Pb in the range of 47.05–60.61%, 54.55–62.29%, and 85.21–91.6%, respectively. Phytotoxicity results revealed that the wastewater treated with both P. aeruginosa and E. aerogenes gives better Triticum sp. % germination rate, leaf length, and root and shoot weight. The highest plant % germination was showed by treated P. aeruginosa in control (100%), followed by E. aerogenes in control (100%). The t- test analysis showed the concentration of trace metals (TM) in industrial wastewater was significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) by bacterio-remediation. The study concluded that both bacterial species are active in the removal of pollution and TM from the wastewater.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97711-yIndustrial wastewaterTrace metalsBioremediationIndigenous BacteriaPhytotoxicity
spellingShingle Saba Mazhar Shah
Sara Khan
Nadia Bibi
Bushra Rehman
Ramzan Ali
Farah Shireen
Semih Yilmaz
Qurban Ali
Amin Ullah
Daoud Ali
Indigenous bacteria as potential agents for trace metal remediation in industrial wastewater
Scientific Reports
Industrial wastewater
Trace metals
Bioremediation
Indigenous Bacteria
Phytotoxicity
title Indigenous bacteria as potential agents for trace metal remediation in industrial wastewater
title_full Indigenous bacteria as potential agents for trace metal remediation in industrial wastewater
title_fullStr Indigenous bacteria as potential agents for trace metal remediation in industrial wastewater
title_full_unstemmed Indigenous bacteria as potential agents for trace metal remediation in industrial wastewater
title_short Indigenous bacteria as potential agents for trace metal remediation in industrial wastewater
title_sort indigenous bacteria as potential agents for trace metal remediation in industrial wastewater
topic Industrial wastewater
Trace metals
Bioremediation
Indigenous Bacteria
Phytotoxicity
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97711-y
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