The heterogeneous expression patterns of serum tumor markers in non-small cell lung cancer patients are predictive factors for progression-free survival

Abstract Purpose Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients may exhibit tumor marker expression patterns that do not align with their pathological subtype, yet the clinical significance of these mismatches remains unclear. This study aims to identify novel tumor marker expression patterns and explo...

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Main Authors: Siqi Li, Zihang Zeng, Zixi Hong, Jiali Li, Conghua Xie
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-06-01
Series:Discover Oncology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-02969-3
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author Siqi Li
Zihang Zeng
Zixi Hong
Jiali Li
Conghua Xie
author_facet Siqi Li
Zihang Zeng
Zixi Hong
Jiali Li
Conghua Xie
author_sort Siqi Li
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Purpose Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients may exhibit tumor marker expression patterns that do not align with their pathological subtype, yet the clinical significance of these mismatches remains unclear. This study aims to identify novel tumor marker expression patterns and explore their relationship with tumor heterogeneity and progression-free survival (PFS) in NSCLC patients. Methods Clinical data and serum tumor marker values were collected from 142 patients with stage III–V, unresectable NSCLC in the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. The Self-organizing map algorithm was used to generate novel tumor marker patterns. We analyzed the association of these patterns with clinicopathological features and prognosis. The in vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of CA125 on the malignant behavior of squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Results We identified a pattern of low expression of SCC and high expression of CA125 in squamous cell carcinoma patients (HR 2.1704, P = 0.0304), as well as low expression of CEA and high expression of SCC in adenocarcinoma patients (HR 2.3771, P = 0.0235). Both patterns were significant predictors of poor prognosis. Furthermore, squamous cell carcinoma cell lines cultured in a high-CA125 environment exhibited accelerated proliferation in vitro. Conclusion NSCLC patients with a pattern of tumor markers mismatched to their pathological type had unfavourable PFS, suggesting a potentially higher degree of tumor heterogeneity.
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spelling doaj-art-d8b2abd814a242a19562ec8d6e9d8ab22025-08-20T04:03:03ZengSpringerDiscover Oncology2730-60112025-06-0116111510.1007/s12672-025-02969-3The heterogeneous expression patterns of serum tumor markers in non-small cell lung cancer patients are predictive factors for progression-free survivalSiqi Li0Zihang Zeng1Zixi Hong2Jiali Li3Conghua Xie4Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityHubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityHubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityHubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityAbstract Purpose Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients may exhibit tumor marker expression patterns that do not align with their pathological subtype, yet the clinical significance of these mismatches remains unclear. This study aims to identify novel tumor marker expression patterns and explore their relationship with tumor heterogeneity and progression-free survival (PFS) in NSCLC patients. Methods Clinical data and serum tumor marker values were collected from 142 patients with stage III–V, unresectable NSCLC in the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. The Self-organizing map algorithm was used to generate novel tumor marker patterns. We analyzed the association of these patterns with clinicopathological features and prognosis. The in vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of CA125 on the malignant behavior of squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Results We identified a pattern of low expression of SCC and high expression of CA125 in squamous cell carcinoma patients (HR 2.1704, P = 0.0304), as well as low expression of CEA and high expression of SCC in adenocarcinoma patients (HR 2.3771, P = 0.0235). Both patterns were significant predictors of poor prognosis. Furthermore, squamous cell carcinoma cell lines cultured in a high-CA125 environment exhibited accelerated proliferation in vitro. Conclusion NSCLC patients with a pattern of tumor markers mismatched to their pathological type had unfavourable PFS, suggesting a potentially higher degree of tumor heterogeneity.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-02969-3Non-small cell lung cancerTumor biomarkerSelf-organizing mapPrognosisUnresectablePFS
spellingShingle Siqi Li
Zihang Zeng
Zixi Hong
Jiali Li
Conghua Xie
The heterogeneous expression patterns of serum tumor markers in non-small cell lung cancer patients are predictive factors for progression-free survival
Discover Oncology
Non-small cell lung cancer
Tumor biomarker
Self-organizing map
Prognosis
Unresectable
PFS
title The heterogeneous expression patterns of serum tumor markers in non-small cell lung cancer patients are predictive factors for progression-free survival
title_full The heterogeneous expression patterns of serum tumor markers in non-small cell lung cancer patients are predictive factors for progression-free survival
title_fullStr The heterogeneous expression patterns of serum tumor markers in non-small cell lung cancer patients are predictive factors for progression-free survival
title_full_unstemmed The heterogeneous expression patterns of serum tumor markers in non-small cell lung cancer patients are predictive factors for progression-free survival
title_short The heterogeneous expression patterns of serum tumor markers in non-small cell lung cancer patients are predictive factors for progression-free survival
title_sort heterogeneous expression patterns of serum tumor markers in non small cell lung cancer patients are predictive factors for progression free survival
topic Non-small cell lung cancer
Tumor biomarker
Self-organizing map
Prognosis
Unresectable
PFS
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-02969-3
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