Shell Model Reconstruction of Thin-Walled Structures from Point Clouds for Finite Element Modelling of Existing Steel Bridges

Digital twin models utilising point cloud data have received significant attention for efficient bridge maintenance and performance assessment. There are some studies that show finite element (FE) models from point cloud data. While most of those approaches focus on modelling by solid elements, mode...

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Main Authors: Tomoya Nakamizo, Mayuko Nishio
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/13/4167
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author Tomoya Nakamizo
Mayuko Nishio
author_facet Tomoya Nakamizo
Mayuko Nishio
author_sort Tomoya Nakamizo
collection DOAJ
description Digital twin models utilising point cloud data have received significant attention for efficient bridge maintenance and performance assessment. There are some studies that show finite element (FE) models from point cloud data. While most of those approaches focus on modelling by solid elements, modelling of some civil structures, such as bridges, requires various uses of beam and shell elements. This study proposes a systematic approach for constructing shell element FE models from point cloud data of thin-walled structural members. The proposed methodology involves k-means clustering for point cloud segmentation into individual plates, principal component analysis for neutral plane estimation, and edge detection based on normal vector variations for geometric structure determination. Validation experiments using point cloud data of a steel corner specimen revealed dimensional errors up to 5 mm and angular errors up to 6°, but static load analysis demonstrated good accuracy with maximum displacement errors within 3.8% and maximum stress errors within 7.7% compared to nominal models. Additionally, the influence of point cloud data quality on FE model geometry and analysis results was evaluated based on geometric accuracy and point cloud density metrics, revealing that significant variations in density within the same surface lead to reduced neutral plane estimation accuracy. Furthermore, toward practical application to actual bridge structures, on-site measurements and quality evaluation of point cloud data from a steel plate girder bridge were conducted. The results showed that thickness errors in the bridge data reached up to 2 mm, while surface deviation RMSE ranged from 3 to 5 mm. This research contributes to establishing practical FE modelling procedures from point cloud data and providing a model validation framework that ensures appropriate abstraction in structural analysis.
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spelling doaj-art-d8a54cd5ce5a4a498fbbe70de144ce232025-08-20T03:28:59ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-07-012513416710.3390/s25134167Shell Model Reconstruction of Thin-Walled Structures from Point Clouds for Finite Element Modelling of Existing Steel BridgesTomoya Nakamizo0Mayuko Nishio1Department of Engineering Mechanics and Energy, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 3058573, JapanInstitute of System and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 3058573, JapanDigital twin models utilising point cloud data have received significant attention for efficient bridge maintenance and performance assessment. There are some studies that show finite element (FE) models from point cloud data. While most of those approaches focus on modelling by solid elements, modelling of some civil structures, such as bridges, requires various uses of beam and shell elements. This study proposes a systematic approach for constructing shell element FE models from point cloud data of thin-walled structural members. The proposed methodology involves k-means clustering for point cloud segmentation into individual plates, principal component analysis for neutral plane estimation, and edge detection based on normal vector variations for geometric structure determination. Validation experiments using point cloud data of a steel corner specimen revealed dimensional errors up to 5 mm and angular errors up to 6°, but static load analysis demonstrated good accuracy with maximum displacement errors within 3.8% and maximum stress errors within 7.7% compared to nominal models. Additionally, the influence of point cloud data quality on FE model geometry and analysis results was evaluated based on geometric accuracy and point cloud density metrics, revealing that significant variations in density within the same surface lead to reduced neutral plane estimation accuracy. Furthermore, toward practical application to actual bridge structures, on-site measurements and quality evaluation of point cloud data from a steel plate girder bridge were conducted. The results showed that thickness errors in the bridge data reached up to 2 mm, while surface deviation RMSE ranged from 3 to 5 mm. This research contributes to establishing practical FE modelling procedures from point cloud data and providing a model validation framework that ensures appropriate abstraction in structural analysis.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/13/4167point cloud datafinite element modelshell elementsteel girder bridgequality assessment
spellingShingle Tomoya Nakamizo
Mayuko Nishio
Shell Model Reconstruction of Thin-Walled Structures from Point Clouds for Finite Element Modelling of Existing Steel Bridges
Sensors
point cloud data
finite element model
shell element
steel girder bridge
quality assessment
title Shell Model Reconstruction of Thin-Walled Structures from Point Clouds for Finite Element Modelling of Existing Steel Bridges
title_full Shell Model Reconstruction of Thin-Walled Structures from Point Clouds for Finite Element Modelling of Existing Steel Bridges
title_fullStr Shell Model Reconstruction of Thin-Walled Structures from Point Clouds for Finite Element Modelling of Existing Steel Bridges
title_full_unstemmed Shell Model Reconstruction of Thin-Walled Structures from Point Clouds for Finite Element Modelling of Existing Steel Bridges
title_short Shell Model Reconstruction of Thin-Walled Structures from Point Clouds for Finite Element Modelling of Existing Steel Bridges
title_sort shell model reconstruction of thin walled structures from point clouds for finite element modelling of existing steel bridges
topic point cloud data
finite element model
shell element
steel girder bridge
quality assessment
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/13/4167
work_keys_str_mv AT tomoyanakamizo shellmodelreconstructionofthinwalledstructuresfrompointcloudsforfiniteelementmodellingofexistingsteelbridges
AT mayukonishio shellmodelreconstructionofthinwalledstructuresfrompointcloudsforfiniteelementmodellingofexistingsteelbridges