Federated intelligence for smart grids: a comprehensive review of security and privacy strategies
Abstract The increasing complexity and interconnectivity of smart grid (SG) systems have exposed them to a wide array of cybersecurity threats. This review paper critically surveys recent advancements in federated learning (FL) as a privacy-preserving machine learning technique for addressing these...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43067-025-00235-8 |
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| _version_ | 1849344364642304000 |
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| author | Raseel Z. Alshamasi Dina M. Ibrahim |
| author_facet | Raseel Z. Alshamasi Dina M. Ibrahim |
| author_sort | Raseel Z. Alshamasi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The increasing complexity and interconnectivity of smart grid (SG) systems have exposed them to a wide array of cybersecurity threats. This review paper critically surveys recent advancements in federated learning (FL) as a privacy-preserving machine learning technique for addressing these challenges. The objective of this review is to analyze how FL can support secure, decentralized anomaly detection and mitigate attacks such as False Data Injection (FDI) and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) in smart grid infrastructures. We explore major cyber threats targeting smart grid architectures and evaluate FL-based and non-FL-based solutions in terms of performance metrics such as accuracy, recall, and F1-score. Practical considerations for FL deployment, including device heterogeneity, communication constraints, and adversarial machine learning risks, are also discussed. The paper highlights critical gaps and outlines future research directions for improving smart grid resilience using federated intelligence. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d8a00aaeedb84a609b8ab2c524ee5913 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2314-7172 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-d8a00aaeedb84a609b8ab2c524ee59132025-08-20T03:42:40ZengSpringerOpenJournal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology2314-71722025-07-0112112610.1186/s43067-025-00235-8Federated intelligence for smart grids: a comprehensive review of security and privacy strategiesRaseel Z. Alshamasi0Dina M. Ibrahim1Department of Information Technology, College of Computer, Qassim UniversityDepartment of Information Technology, College of Computer, Qassim UniversityAbstract The increasing complexity and interconnectivity of smart grid (SG) systems have exposed them to a wide array of cybersecurity threats. This review paper critically surveys recent advancements in federated learning (FL) as a privacy-preserving machine learning technique for addressing these challenges. The objective of this review is to analyze how FL can support secure, decentralized anomaly detection and mitigate attacks such as False Data Injection (FDI) and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) in smart grid infrastructures. We explore major cyber threats targeting smart grid architectures and evaluate FL-based and non-FL-based solutions in terms of performance metrics such as accuracy, recall, and F1-score. Practical considerations for FL deployment, including device heterogeneity, communication constraints, and adversarial machine learning risks, are also discussed. The paper highlights critical gaps and outlines future research directions for improving smart grid resilience using federated intelligence.https://doi.org/10.1186/s43067-025-00235-8Deep learningSmart gridFederated learningSecurityPrivacyFalse data injection (FDI) attack |
| spellingShingle | Raseel Z. Alshamasi Dina M. Ibrahim Federated intelligence for smart grids: a comprehensive review of security and privacy strategies Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology Deep learning Smart grid Federated learning Security Privacy False data injection (FDI) attack |
| title | Federated intelligence for smart grids: a comprehensive review of security and privacy strategies |
| title_full | Federated intelligence for smart grids: a comprehensive review of security and privacy strategies |
| title_fullStr | Federated intelligence for smart grids: a comprehensive review of security and privacy strategies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Federated intelligence for smart grids: a comprehensive review of security and privacy strategies |
| title_short | Federated intelligence for smart grids: a comprehensive review of security and privacy strategies |
| title_sort | federated intelligence for smart grids a comprehensive review of security and privacy strategies |
| topic | Deep learning Smart grid Federated learning Security Privacy False data injection (FDI) attack |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43067-025-00235-8 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT raseelzalshamasi federatedintelligenceforsmartgridsacomprehensivereviewofsecurityandprivacystrategies AT dinamibrahim federatedintelligenceforsmartgridsacomprehensivereviewofsecurityandprivacystrategies |