Clinical Presentation, Renal Histopathological Findings, and Outcome in Patients with Monoclonal Gammopathy and Kidney Disease

Monoclonal gammopathies are associated with acute and chronic kidney injury. Nephrotoxicity of the secreted monoclonal (M)-protein is related to its biological properties and blood concentration. Little is known about epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and outcome of monoclonal gammopathies in p...

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Main Authors: Gaetano Alfano, Alice Delrio, Francesco Fontana, Giacomo Mori, Silvia Cazzato, Annachiara Ferrari, Rossella Perrone, Silvia Giovanella, Giulia Ligabue, Riccardo Magistroni, Gianni Cappelli
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2021-01-01
Series:International Journal of Nephrology
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8859340
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author Gaetano Alfano
Alice Delrio
Francesco Fontana
Giacomo Mori
Silvia Cazzato
Annachiara Ferrari
Rossella Perrone
Silvia Giovanella
Giulia Ligabue
Riccardo Magistroni
Gianni Cappelli
author_facet Gaetano Alfano
Alice Delrio
Francesco Fontana
Giacomo Mori
Silvia Cazzato
Annachiara Ferrari
Rossella Perrone
Silvia Giovanella
Giulia Ligabue
Riccardo Magistroni
Gianni Cappelli
author_sort Gaetano Alfano
collection DOAJ
description Monoclonal gammopathies are associated with acute and chronic kidney injury. Nephrotoxicity of the secreted monoclonal (M)-protein is related to its biological properties and blood concentration. Little is known about epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and outcome of monoclonal gammopathies in patients with kidney disease. We retrospectively collected data about demographics, clinical manifestations, and renal histological lesions of all patients (n = 1334) who underwent kidney biopsy between January 2000 and March 2017. Monoclonal gammopathy was detected in 174 (13%) patients with a mean age of 66.4 ± 13.1 years. The spectrum of monoclonal gammopathies comprised monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significate (MGUS) (52.8%), multiple myeloma (MM) (25.2%), primary amyloidosis (AL) (9.1%), smoldering MM (SMM) (4%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (6.8%), and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) (1.7%). Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) accounted for 6.5% in patients with MGUS and 14.2% in patients with SMM. Evaluation of kidney biopsy revealed that M-protein was directly involved in causing kidney injury in MM (93.1%). MM was the only gammopathy significantly associated with an increased risk of kidney injury (odds ratio [OR] = 47.5, CI 95%, 13.7–164.9; P≤0.001). While there were no significant differences in the progression toward end-stage renal disease or dialysis P=0.776, monoclonal gammopathies were associated with a different risk of death P=0.047 at the end of the follow-up. In conclusion, monoclonal gammopathy was a frequent finding (13%) in patients who underwent kidney biopsy. M-protein was secreted by both premalignant (56.8%) and malignant (43.2%) lymphoproliferative clones. Kidney biopsy had a key role in identifying MGRS in patients with MGUS (6.5%) and SMM (14.2%). Among monoclonal gammopathies, only MM was significantly associated with biopsy-proven kidney injury. The rate of end-stage renal disease or dialysis was similar among monoclonal gammopathies, whereas NHL, MM, and SMM showed a higher rate of deaths.
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spelling doaj-art-d88e3923807445779bbcbf9ef2fb55a52025-08-20T03:23:50ZengWileyInternational Journal of Nephrology2090-214X2090-21582021-01-01202110.1155/2021/88593408859340Clinical Presentation, Renal Histopathological Findings, and Outcome in Patients with Monoclonal Gammopathy and Kidney DiseaseGaetano Alfano0Alice Delrio1Francesco Fontana2Giacomo Mori3Silvia Cazzato4Annachiara Ferrari5Rossella Perrone6Silvia Giovanella7Giulia Ligabue8Riccardo Magistroni9Gianni Cappelli10Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences, Section of Nephrology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, ItalyGeneral Medicine, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale, Modena, ItalyNephrology Dialysis and Transplant Unit, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, ItalyNephrology Dialysis and Transplant Unit, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, ItalySurgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences, Section of Nephrology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, ItalySurgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences, Section of Nephrology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, ItalySurgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences, Section of Nephrology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, ItalySurgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences, Section of Nephrology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, ItalySurgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences, Section of Nephrology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, ItalySurgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences, Section of Nephrology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, ItalySurgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences, Section of Nephrology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, ItalyMonoclonal gammopathies are associated with acute and chronic kidney injury. Nephrotoxicity of the secreted monoclonal (M)-protein is related to its biological properties and blood concentration. Little is known about epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and outcome of monoclonal gammopathies in patients with kidney disease. We retrospectively collected data about demographics, clinical manifestations, and renal histological lesions of all patients (n = 1334) who underwent kidney biopsy between January 2000 and March 2017. Monoclonal gammopathy was detected in 174 (13%) patients with a mean age of 66.4 ± 13.1 years. The spectrum of monoclonal gammopathies comprised monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significate (MGUS) (52.8%), multiple myeloma (MM) (25.2%), primary amyloidosis (AL) (9.1%), smoldering MM (SMM) (4%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (6.8%), and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) (1.7%). Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) accounted for 6.5% in patients with MGUS and 14.2% in patients with SMM. Evaluation of kidney biopsy revealed that M-protein was directly involved in causing kidney injury in MM (93.1%). MM was the only gammopathy significantly associated with an increased risk of kidney injury (odds ratio [OR] = 47.5, CI 95%, 13.7–164.9; P≤0.001). While there were no significant differences in the progression toward end-stage renal disease or dialysis P=0.776, monoclonal gammopathies were associated with a different risk of death P=0.047 at the end of the follow-up. In conclusion, monoclonal gammopathy was a frequent finding (13%) in patients who underwent kidney biopsy. M-protein was secreted by both premalignant (56.8%) and malignant (43.2%) lymphoproliferative clones. Kidney biopsy had a key role in identifying MGRS in patients with MGUS (6.5%) and SMM (14.2%). Among monoclonal gammopathies, only MM was significantly associated with biopsy-proven kidney injury. The rate of end-stage renal disease or dialysis was similar among monoclonal gammopathies, whereas NHL, MM, and SMM showed a higher rate of deaths.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8859340
spellingShingle Gaetano Alfano
Alice Delrio
Francesco Fontana
Giacomo Mori
Silvia Cazzato
Annachiara Ferrari
Rossella Perrone
Silvia Giovanella
Giulia Ligabue
Riccardo Magistroni
Gianni Cappelli
Clinical Presentation, Renal Histopathological Findings, and Outcome in Patients with Monoclonal Gammopathy and Kidney Disease
International Journal of Nephrology
title Clinical Presentation, Renal Histopathological Findings, and Outcome in Patients with Monoclonal Gammopathy and Kidney Disease
title_full Clinical Presentation, Renal Histopathological Findings, and Outcome in Patients with Monoclonal Gammopathy and Kidney Disease
title_fullStr Clinical Presentation, Renal Histopathological Findings, and Outcome in Patients with Monoclonal Gammopathy and Kidney Disease
title_full_unstemmed Clinical Presentation, Renal Histopathological Findings, and Outcome in Patients with Monoclonal Gammopathy and Kidney Disease
title_short Clinical Presentation, Renal Histopathological Findings, and Outcome in Patients with Monoclonal Gammopathy and Kidney Disease
title_sort clinical presentation renal histopathological findings and outcome in patients with monoclonal gammopathy and kidney disease
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8859340
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