Approximation Results: Szász–Kantorovich Operators Enhanced by Frobenius–Euler–Type Polynomials

This research focuses on the approximation properties of Kantorovich-type operators using Frobenius–Euler–Simsek polynomials. The test functions and central moments are calculated as part of this study. Additionally, uniform convergence and the rate of approximation are analyzed using the classical...

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Main Authors: Nadeem Rao, Mohammad Farid, Mohd Raiz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Axioms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/14/4/252
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author Nadeem Rao
Mohammad Farid
Mohd Raiz
author_facet Nadeem Rao
Mohammad Farid
Mohd Raiz
author_sort Nadeem Rao
collection DOAJ
description This research focuses on the approximation properties of Kantorovich-type operators using Frobenius–Euler–Simsek polynomials. The test functions and central moments are calculated as part of this study. Additionally, uniform convergence and the rate of approximation are analyzed using the classical Korovkin theorem and the modulus of continuity for Lebesgue measurable and continuous functions. A Voronovskaja-type theorem is also established to approximate functions with first- and second-order continuous derivatives. Numerical and graphical analyses are presented to support these findings. Furthermore, a bivariate sequence of these operators is introduced to approximate a bivariate class of Lebesgue measurable and continuous functions in two variables. Finally, numerical and graphical representations of the error are provided to check the rapidity of convergence.
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spelling doaj-art-d88cbc6b42b2492ab360d122848e7f0a2025-08-20T02:24:39ZengMDPI AGAxioms2075-16802025-03-0114425210.3390/axioms14040252Approximation Results: Szász–Kantorovich Operators Enhanced by Frobenius–Euler–Type PolynomialsNadeem Rao0Mohammad Farid1Mohd Raiz2Department of Mathematics, University Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, IndiaDepartment of Mathematics, College of Science, Qassim University, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Applied Science and Humanities, Global Institute of Technology and Management, 5 KM Mile Stone, Haily Mandi Road, Kheda Khurampur, Farrukhnagar, Gurugramn 122506, Haryana, IndiaThis research focuses on the approximation properties of Kantorovich-type operators using Frobenius–Euler–Simsek polynomials. The test functions and central moments are calculated as part of this study. Additionally, uniform convergence and the rate of approximation are analyzed using the classical Korovkin theorem and the modulus of continuity for Lebesgue measurable and continuous functions. A Voronovskaja-type theorem is also established to approximate functions with first- and second-order continuous derivatives. Numerical and graphical analyses are presented to support these findings. Furthermore, a bivariate sequence of these operators is introduced to approximate a bivariate class of Lebesgue measurable and continuous functions in two variables. Finally, numerical and graphical representations of the error are provided to check the rapidity of convergence.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/14/4/252Frobenius polynomialsmathematical operatorsrate of convergenceVoronovskaja theoremmodulus of smoothnessapproximation algorithms
spellingShingle Nadeem Rao
Mohammad Farid
Mohd Raiz
Approximation Results: Szász–Kantorovich Operators Enhanced by Frobenius–Euler–Type Polynomials
Axioms
Frobenius polynomials
mathematical operators
rate of convergence
Voronovskaja theorem
modulus of smoothness
approximation algorithms
title Approximation Results: Szász–Kantorovich Operators Enhanced by Frobenius–Euler–Type Polynomials
title_full Approximation Results: Szász–Kantorovich Operators Enhanced by Frobenius–Euler–Type Polynomials
title_fullStr Approximation Results: Szász–Kantorovich Operators Enhanced by Frobenius–Euler–Type Polynomials
title_full_unstemmed Approximation Results: Szász–Kantorovich Operators Enhanced by Frobenius–Euler–Type Polynomials
title_short Approximation Results: Szász–Kantorovich Operators Enhanced by Frobenius–Euler–Type Polynomials
title_sort approximation results szasz kantorovich operators enhanced by frobenius euler type polynomials
topic Frobenius polynomials
mathematical operators
rate of convergence
Voronovskaja theorem
modulus of smoothness
approximation algorithms
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/14/4/252
work_keys_str_mv AT nadeemrao approximationresultsszaszkantorovichoperatorsenhancedbyfrobeniuseulertypepolynomials
AT mohammadfarid approximationresultsszaszkantorovichoperatorsenhancedbyfrobeniuseulertypepolynomials
AT mohdraiz approximationresultsszaszkantorovichoperatorsenhancedbyfrobeniuseulertypepolynomials