Real-time gated proton therapy: Introducing clinical workflow and failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA)

Introduction: Real-Time Gated Proton Therapy (RGPT) has been used in proton therapy to mitigate respiratory motion challenges. This study presents the first comprehensive description of the RGPT clinical workflow at the National Cancer Centre Singapore (NCCS) and introduces a novel Failure Modes and...

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Main Authors: Wei Yang Calvin Koh, Hong Qi Tan, Kah Seng Lew, Wan Ting Alice Kor, Nur Atiqah Binte Samsuri, Jason Wei Siang Chan, Clifford Ghee Ann Chua, James Kuan Huei Lee, Andrew Wibawa, Zubin Master, Sung Yong Park
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Technical Innovations & Patient Support in Radiation Oncology
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405632425000125
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author Wei Yang Calvin Koh
Hong Qi Tan
Kah Seng Lew
Wan Ting Alice Kor
Nur Atiqah Binte Samsuri
Jason Wei Siang Chan
Clifford Ghee Ann Chua
James Kuan Huei Lee
Andrew Wibawa
Zubin Master
Sung Yong Park
author_facet Wei Yang Calvin Koh
Hong Qi Tan
Kah Seng Lew
Wan Ting Alice Kor
Nur Atiqah Binte Samsuri
Jason Wei Siang Chan
Clifford Ghee Ann Chua
James Kuan Huei Lee
Andrew Wibawa
Zubin Master
Sung Yong Park
author_sort Wei Yang Calvin Koh
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Real-Time Gated Proton Therapy (RGPT) has been used in proton therapy to mitigate respiratory motion challenges. This study presents the first comprehensive description of the RGPT clinical workflow at the National Cancer Centre Singapore (NCCS) and introduces a novel Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) for RGPT. Methods: We detail the workflow for prostate and liver/lung proton treatments. The FMEA, following AAPM TG-100 guidelines, evaluated potential failure modes based on occurrence, detectability, and severity. This comprehensive risk assessment approach allows for the establishment of robust Quality Assurance (QA) protocols, enhancing treatment safety and efficacy. The FMEA was performed by two disciplinary groups, namely the medical physicists and radiation therapists. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) is used as the metric to assess the consistency of ratings among participants. Results: Since implementation, 15 patients (13 prostate, 2 liver) have been treated with RGPT. The study identified 96 potential failure modes, with 47 evaluated by two disciplines. Inter-rater concordance analysis revealed strong agreement within one group, while combined groups showed lower consistency, highlighting potential differences in risk perception between disciplines. Notably, severity ratings demonstrated better correlations among raters compared to other categories, suggesting a shared understanding of the potential impact of failures. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights for institutions implementing RGPT, potentially enhancing treatment workflow, patient safety, and QA procedures. The detailed workflow description and FMEA results offer a foundation for standardizing RGPT practices and prioritizing risk mitigation strategies. Future research should focus on multi-institutional collaborations to further refine RGPT protocols and risk assessments.
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spelling doaj-art-d87b58a1242044fa8b55d5a537625da02025-08-20T02:06:32ZengElsevierTechnical Innovations & Patient Support in Radiation Oncology2405-63242025-06-013410031110.1016/j.tipsro.2025.100311Real-time gated proton therapy: Introducing clinical workflow and failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA)Wei Yang Calvin Koh0Hong Qi Tan1Kah Seng Lew2Wan Ting Alice Kor3Nur Atiqah Binte Samsuri4Jason Wei Siang Chan5Clifford Ghee Ann Chua6James Kuan Huei Lee7Andrew Wibawa8Zubin Master9Sung Yong Park10Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, SingaporeDivision of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore; Oncology Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore; Corresponding authors at: Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, SingaporeDivision of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, SingaporeDivision of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, SingaporeDivision of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, SingaporeDivision of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, SingaporeDepartment of Physics, National University Singapore, SingaporeDivision of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, SingaporeDivision of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, SingaporeDivision of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore; Oncology Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, SingaporeIntroduction: Real-Time Gated Proton Therapy (RGPT) has been used in proton therapy to mitigate respiratory motion challenges. This study presents the first comprehensive description of the RGPT clinical workflow at the National Cancer Centre Singapore (NCCS) and introduces a novel Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) for RGPT. Methods: We detail the workflow for prostate and liver/lung proton treatments. The FMEA, following AAPM TG-100 guidelines, evaluated potential failure modes based on occurrence, detectability, and severity. This comprehensive risk assessment approach allows for the establishment of robust Quality Assurance (QA) protocols, enhancing treatment safety and efficacy. The FMEA was performed by two disciplinary groups, namely the medical physicists and radiation therapists. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) is used as the metric to assess the consistency of ratings among participants. Results: Since implementation, 15 patients (13 prostate, 2 liver) have been treated with RGPT. The study identified 96 potential failure modes, with 47 evaluated by two disciplines. Inter-rater concordance analysis revealed strong agreement within one group, while combined groups showed lower consistency, highlighting potential differences in risk perception between disciplines. Notably, severity ratings demonstrated better correlations among raters compared to other categories, suggesting a shared understanding of the potential impact of failures. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights for institutions implementing RGPT, potentially enhancing treatment workflow, patient safety, and QA procedures. The detailed workflow description and FMEA results offer a foundation for standardizing RGPT practices and prioritizing risk mitigation strategies. Future research should focus on multi-institutional collaborations to further refine RGPT protocols and risk assessments.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405632425000125
spellingShingle Wei Yang Calvin Koh
Hong Qi Tan
Kah Seng Lew
Wan Ting Alice Kor
Nur Atiqah Binte Samsuri
Jason Wei Siang Chan
Clifford Ghee Ann Chua
James Kuan Huei Lee
Andrew Wibawa
Zubin Master
Sung Yong Park
Real-time gated proton therapy: Introducing clinical workflow and failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA)
Technical Innovations & Patient Support in Radiation Oncology
title Real-time gated proton therapy: Introducing clinical workflow and failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA)
title_full Real-time gated proton therapy: Introducing clinical workflow and failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA)
title_fullStr Real-time gated proton therapy: Introducing clinical workflow and failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA)
title_full_unstemmed Real-time gated proton therapy: Introducing clinical workflow and failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA)
title_short Real-time gated proton therapy: Introducing clinical workflow and failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA)
title_sort real time gated proton therapy introducing clinical workflow and failure modes and effects analysis fmea
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405632425000125
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