Association between cerebral small vessel disease and malnutrition risk: a retrospective cross-sectional study

IntroductionMalnutrition is associated with increased morbidity and mortality from multiple diseases. However, the relationship between cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and malnutrition or malnutrition risk remains underexplored. This retrospective study investigated the association between maln...

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Main Authors: Junyi Liu, Jie Lin, Jieying Zhuang, Qian Luo, Huijuan Wang, Ruiyan Xiao, Xudong Yang, Jiangping Cai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Neurology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1512109/full
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author Junyi Liu
Junyi Liu
Junyi Liu
Jie Lin
Jie Lin
Jie Lin
Jieying Zhuang
Jieying Zhuang
Jieying Zhuang
Qian Luo
Qian Luo
Qian Luo
Huijuan Wang
Huijuan Wang
Huijuan Wang
Ruiyan Xiao
Ruiyan Xiao
Ruiyan Xiao
Xudong Yang
Xudong Yang
Xudong Yang
Jiangping Cai
Jiangping Cai
Jiangping Cai
author_facet Junyi Liu
Junyi Liu
Junyi Liu
Jie Lin
Jie Lin
Jie Lin
Jieying Zhuang
Jieying Zhuang
Jieying Zhuang
Qian Luo
Qian Luo
Qian Luo
Huijuan Wang
Huijuan Wang
Huijuan Wang
Ruiyan Xiao
Ruiyan Xiao
Ruiyan Xiao
Xudong Yang
Xudong Yang
Xudong Yang
Jiangping Cai
Jiangping Cai
Jiangping Cai
author_sort Junyi Liu
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionMalnutrition is associated with increased morbidity and mortality from multiple diseases. However, the relationship between cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and malnutrition or malnutrition risk remains underexplored. This retrospective study investigated the association between malnutrition risk and CSVD, along with its common imaging markers.MethodsA total of 806 participants from a neurology department underwent cranial MRI scans and nutritional assessments. The presence of imaging markers of CSVD, including white matter hyperintensities, lacune, perivascular spaces, and cerebral microbleeds, was evaluated by expert neurologists. Malnutrition risk was assessed using the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) scores. Logistic regression, subgroup, and interaction analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between malnutrition risk, CSVD, and its common imaging markers.Results and discussionAfter adjusting for potential confounders, patients at risk of malnutrition, as identified by both the GNRI and CONUT scores, exhibited more severe CSVD and its common imaging markers. Further analyses revealed interactions between GNRI score and smoking, highlighting potential modifying effects on the relationship between malnutrition risk and CSVD. Collectively, malnutrition risk, as assessed by objective nutritional indices, is independently associated with CSVD and its common imaging markers. These results emphasize the importance of addressing malnutrition in the prevention and management of CSVD.
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spelling doaj-art-d8750429c2d548c4b7e6cd291ec6ccab2025-08-20T03:31:07ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neurology1664-22952025-06-011610.3389/fneur.2025.15121091512109Association between cerebral small vessel disease and malnutrition risk: a retrospective cross-sectional studyJunyi Liu0Junyi Liu1Junyi Liu2Jie Lin3Jie Lin4Jie Lin5Jieying Zhuang6Jieying Zhuang7Jieying Zhuang8Qian Luo9Qian Luo10Qian Luo11Huijuan Wang12Huijuan Wang13Huijuan Wang14Ruiyan Xiao15Ruiyan Xiao16Ruiyan Xiao17Xudong Yang18Xudong Yang19Xudong Yang20Jiangping Cai21Jiangping Cai22Jiangping Cai23The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, The First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, ChinaThe Graduate School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, ChinaThe School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, The First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, ChinaThe Graduate School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, ChinaThe School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, The First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, ChinaThe Graduate School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, ChinaThe School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, The First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, ChinaThe Graduate School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, ChinaThe School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, The First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, ChinaThe Graduate School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, ChinaThe School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, The First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, ChinaThe Graduate School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, ChinaThe School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, The First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, ChinaThe Graduate School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, ChinaThe School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, The First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, ChinaThe Graduate School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, ChinaIntroductionMalnutrition is associated with increased morbidity and mortality from multiple diseases. However, the relationship between cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and malnutrition or malnutrition risk remains underexplored. This retrospective study investigated the association between malnutrition risk and CSVD, along with its common imaging markers.MethodsA total of 806 participants from a neurology department underwent cranial MRI scans and nutritional assessments. The presence of imaging markers of CSVD, including white matter hyperintensities, lacune, perivascular spaces, and cerebral microbleeds, was evaluated by expert neurologists. Malnutrition risk was assessed using the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) scores. Logistic regression, subgroup, and interaction analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between malnutrition risk, CSVD, and its common imaging markers.Results and discussionAfter adjusting for potential confounders, patients at risk of malnutrition, as identified by both the GNRI and CONUT scores, exhibited more severe CSVD and its common imaging markers. Further analyses revealed interactions between GNRI score and smoking, highlighting potential modifying effects on the relationship between malnutrition risk and CSVD. Collectively, malnutrition risk, as assessed by objective nutritional indices, is independently associated with CSVD and its common imaging markers. These results emphasize the importance of addressing malnutrition in the prevention and management of CSVD.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1512109/fullcerebral small vessel diseasemalnutrition riskimaging markersgeriatric nutritional risk indexcontrolling nutritional status
spellingShingle Junyi Liu
Junyi Liu
Junyi Liu
Jie Lin
Jie Lin
Jie Lin
Jieying Zhuang
Jieying Zhuang
Jieying Zhuang
Qian Luo
Qian Luo
Qian Luo
Huijuan Wang
Huijuan Wang
Huijuan Wang
Ruiyan Xiao
Ruiyan Xiao
Ruiyan Xiao
Xudong Yang
Xudong Yang
Xudong Yang
Jiangping Cai
Jiangping Cai
Jiangping Cai
Association between cerebral small vessel disease and malnutrition risk: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Frontiers in Neurology
cerebral small vessel disease
malnutrition risk
imaging markers
geriatric nutritional risk index
controlling nutritional status
title Association between cerebral small vessel disease and malnutrition risk: a retrospective cross-sectional study
title_full Association between cerebral small vessel disease and malnutrition risk: a retrospective cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Association between cerebral small vessel disease and malnutrition risk: a retrospective cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Association between cerebral small vessel disease and malnutrition risk: a retrospective cross-sectional study
title_short Association between cerebral small vessel disease and malnutrition risk: a retrospective cross-sectional study
title_sort association between cerebral small vessel disease and malnutrition risk a retrospective cross sectional study
topic cerebral small vessel disease
malnutrition risk
imaging markers
geriatric nutritional risk index
controlling nutritional status
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1512109/full
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