Unexpected High Ammonia Emissions From Boreal Fires in 2021 and 2023

Abstract The climate impact of extreme boreal fires in 2021 and 2023 has drawn great attention for their record‐high CO2 emissions. However, their climate impact extends beyond carbon. Fires also emit large amounts of reactive nitrogen, which plays a crucial role in the nitrogen and carbon cycles. T...

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Main Authors: Qiwen Chen, Yuanhong Zhao, Bo Zheng, Lin Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-02-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL112396
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author Qiwen Chen
Yuanhong Zhao
Bo Zheng
Lin Zhang
author_facet Qiwen Chen
Yuanhong Zhao
Bo Zheng
Lin Zhang
author_sort Qiwen Chen
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The climate impact of extreme boreal fires in 2021 and 2023 has drawn great attention for their record‐high CO2 emissions. However, their climate impact extends beyond carbon. Fires also emit large amounts of reactive nitrogen, which plays a crucial role in the nitrogen and carbon cycles. Through top‐down inversion of satellite observations, we estimate that the extreme boreal fires in 2021 and 2023 emitted 2.6 Tg N yr−1 and 4.9 Tg N yr−1 of NH3, respectively, which are comparable to agricultural‐intensive regions, making boreal fires the second‐largest contributor to the global reactive nitrogen budget. Unlike tropical fires, which emit more NOx than NH3, boreal fires are characterized by high NH3 emissions. With global warming likely to increase wildfire frequency, the rising NH3 emissions from boreal fires could have significant implications for the nitrogen and carbon cycles in that nitrogen‐limited region, necessitating their consideration in future climate impact assessments.
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publishDate 2025-02-01
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series Geophysical Research Letters
spelling doaj-art-d86223535c2f4c94afa8a92e6b96b8cc2025-08-20T02:58:26ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072025-02-01524n/an/a10.1029/2024GL112396Unexpected High Ammonia Emissions From Boreal Fires in 2021 and 2023Qiwen Chen0Yuanhong Zhao1Bo Zheng2Lin Zhang3Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory Ocean University of China Qingdao ChinaFrontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory Ocean University of China Qingdao ChinaShenzhen Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Carbon Sequestration Institute of Environment and Ecology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen ChinaLaboratory for Climate and Ocean‐Atmosphere Sciences Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences School of Physics Peking University Beijing ChinaAbstract The climate impact of extreme boreal fires in 2021 and 2023 has drawn great attention for their record‐high CO2 emissions. However, their climate impact extends beyond carbon. Fires also emit large amounts of reactive nitrogen, which plays a crucial role in the nitrogen and carbon cycles. Through top‐down inversion of satellite observations, we estimate that the extreme boreal fires in 2021 and 2023 emitted 2.6 Tg N yr−1 and 4.9 Tg N yr−1 of NH3, respectively, which are comparable to agricultural‐intensive regions, making boreal fires the second‐largest contributor to the global reactive nitrogen budget. Unlike tropical fires, which emit more NOx than NH3, boreal fires are characterized by high NH3 emissions. With global warming likely to increase wildfire frequency, the rising NH3 emissions from boreal fires could have significant implications for the nitrogen and carbon cycles in that nitrogen‐limited region, necessitating their consideration in future climate impact assessments.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL112396boreal wildfirereactive nitrogenammonia emissionscarbon‐nitrogen cycle
spellingShingle Qiwen Chen
Yuanhong Zhao
Bo Zheng
Lin Zhang
Unexpected High Ammonia Emissions From Boreal Fires in 2021 and 2023
Geophysical Research Letters
boreal wildfire
reactive nitrogen
ammonia emissions
carbon‐nitrogen cycle
title Unexpected High Ammonia Emissions From Boreal Fires in 2021 and 2023
title_full Unexpected High Ammonia Emissions From Boreal Fires in 2021 and 2023
title_fullStr Unexpected High Ammonia Emissions From Boreal Fires in 2021 and 2023
title_full_unstemmed Unexpected High Ammonia Emissions From Boreal Fires in 2021 and 2023
title_short Unexpected High Ammonia Emissions From Boreal Fires in 2021 and 2023
title_sort unexpected high ammonia emissions from boreal fires in 2021 and 2023
topic boreal wildfire
reactive nitrogen
ammonia emissions
carbon‐nitrogen cycle
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL112396
work_keys_str_mv AT qiwenchen unexpectedhighammoniaemissionsfromborealfiresin2021and2023
AT yuanhongzhao unexpectedhighammoniaemissionsfromborealfiresin2021and2023
AT bozheng unexpectedhighammoniaemissionsfromborealfiresin2021and2023
AT linzhang unexpectedhighammoniaemissionsfromborealfiresin2021and2023