Wigner multiplets in QFT: from Wigner degeneracy to Elko fields

Abstract We establish the theoretical foundation of the Wigner superposition field, a quantum field framework for spin-1/2 fermions that exhibit a Wigner doublet — a discrete quantum number arising from nontrivial representations of the extended Poincaré group. In contrast to the previously develope...

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Main Authors: Cheng-Yang Lee, Ruifeng Leng, Siyi Zhou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of High Energy Physics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2025)127
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author Cheng-Yang Lee
Ruifeng Leng
Siyi Zhou
author_facet Cheng-Yang Lee
Ruifeng Leng
Siyi Zhou
author_sort Cheng-Yang Lee
collection DOAJ
description Abstract We establish the theoretical foundation of the Wigner superposition field, a quantum field framework for spin-1/2 fermions that exhibit a Wigner doublet — a discrete quantum number arising from nontrivial representations of the extended Poincaré group. In contrast to the previously developed doublet formalism, which treats the Wigner degeneracy as a superficial label, the superposition formalism encodes it directly into the structure of a unified field via a coherent superposition of degenerate spinor fields. By imposing the Lorentz covariance, causality, and canonical quantization, we derive nontrivial constraints on the field configuration, which uniquely identify the Elko field as the consistent realization of the Wigner superposition field. Our analysis further clarifies that although the Elko field is a spinor field, it possesses mass dimension one and obeys the Klein-Gordon rather than the Dirac kinematics. Moreover, we explore the general Elko representation through basis redefinitions, showing that certain traditional properties, such as being eigenspinors of charge conjugation, are artifacts of specific basis choices rather than intrinsic features. Finally, we discuss the physical implications of Elko as a dark matter (DM) candidate. This work lays the foundation for a systematic reformulation of Elko interactions and its phenomenology as a viable component of DM.
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spelling doaj-art-d85b92ca871a4441b5fb7f61d09d8a932025-08-20T03:42:29ZengSpringerOpenJournal of High Energy Physics1029-84792025-06-012025613210.1007/JHEP06(2025)127Wigner multiplets in QFT: from Wigner degeneracy to Elko fieldsCheng-Yang Lee0Ruifeng Leng1Siyi Zhou2Department of Physics and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Strongly Coupled Physics, Chongqing UniversityDepartment of Physics and Center for Field Theory and Particle Physics, Fudan UniversityDepartment of Physics and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Strongly Coupled Physics, Chongqing UniversityAbstract We establish the theoretical foundation of the Wigner superposition field, a quantum field framework for spin-1/2 fermions that exhibit a Wigner doublet — a discrete quantum number arising from nontrivial representations of the extended Poincaré group. In contrast to the previously developed doublet formalism, which treats the Wigner degeneracy as a superficial label, the superposition formalism encodes it directly into the structure of a unified field via a coherent superposition of degenerate spinor fields. By imposing the Lorentz covariance, causality, and canonical quantization, we derive nontrivial constraints on the field configuration, which uniquely identify the Elko field as the consistent realization of the Wigner superposition field. Our analysis further clarifies that although the Elko field is a spinor field, it possesses mass dimension one and obeys the Klein-Gordon rather than the Dirac kinematics. Moreover, we explore the general Elko representation through basis redefinitions, showing that certain traditional properties, such as being eigenspinors of charge conjugation, are artifacts of specific basis choices rather than intrinsic features. Finally, we discuss the physical implications of Elko as a dark matter (DM) candidate. This work lays the foundation for a systematic reformulation of Elko interactions and its phenomenology as a viable component of DM.https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2025)127Discrete SymmetriesModels for Dark MatterParticle Nature of Dark MatterSpace-Time Symmetries
spellingShingle Cheng-Yang Lee
Ruifeng Leng
Siyi Zhou
Wigner multiplets in QFT: from Wigner degeneracy to Elko fields
Journal of High Energy Physics
Discrete Symmetries
Models for Dark Matter
Particle Nature of Dark Matter
Space-Time Symmetries
title Wigner multiplets in QFT: from Wigner degeneracy to Elko fields
title_full Wigner multiplets in QFT: from Wigner degeneracy to Elko fields
title_fullStr Wigner multiplets in QFT: from Wigner degeneracy to Elko fields
title_full_unstemmed Wigner multiplets in QFT: from Wigner degeneracy to Elko fields
title_short Wigner multiplets in QFT: from Wigner degeneracy to Elko fields
title_sort wigner multiplets in qft from wigner degeneracy to elko fields
topic Discrete Symmetries
Models for Dark Matter
Particle Nature of Dark Matter
Space-Time Symmetries
url https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2025)127
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AT siyizhou wignermultipletsinqftfromwignerdegeneracytoelkofields