Determinants of Banking Profitability in Angola: A Panel Data Analysis with Dynamic GMM Estimation

This study aims to analyze the determinants of bank profitability in Angola by employing panel data econometric models, specifically, the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), to assess the impact of internal and external factors on the financial indicators ROE, ROA, and NIM for the period 2016 to 20...

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Main Authors: Eurico Lionjanga Cangombe, Luís Gomes Almeida, Fernando Oliveira Tavares
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Risks
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9091/13/7/123
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author Eurico Lionjanga Cangombe
Luís Gomes Almeida
Fernando Oliveira Tavares
author_facet Eurico Lionjanga Cangombe
Luís Gomes Almeida
Fernando Oliveira Tavares
author_sort Eurico Lionjanga Cangombe
collection DOAJ
description This study aims to analyze the determinants of bank profitability in Angola by employing panel data econometric models, specifically, the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), to assess the impact of internal and external factors on the financial indicators ROE, ROA, and NIM for the period 2016 to 2023. The results reveal that credit risk, operational efficiency, and liquidity are critical determinants of banking performance. Effective credit risk management and cost optimization are essential for the sector’s stability. Banking concentration presents mixed effects, enhancing net interest income while potentially undermining efficiency. Economic growth supports profitability, whereas inflation exerts a negative influence. The COVID-19 pandemic worsened asset quality, increased credit risk, and led to a rise in non-performing loans and provisions. Reforms implemented by the National Bank of Angola have contributed to strengthening the banking system’s resilience through restructuring and regulatory improvements. The rise of digitalization and fintech presents opportunities to enhance financial inclusion and efficiency, although their success relies on advancing financial literacy. This study contributes to the literature by providing updated empirical evidence on the factors influencing bank profitability within an emerging economy’s distinctive institutional and economic context.
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spelling doaj-art-d84665aab1b641dd8bc4bd19008ccaf72025-08-20T03:32:33ZengMDPI AGRisks2227-90912025-06-0113712310.3390/risks13070123Determinants of Banking Profitability in Angola: A Panel Data Analysis with Dynamic GMM EstimationEurico Lionjanga Cangombe0Luís Gomes Almeida1Fernando Oliveira Tavares2Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, SpainGOVCOPP—Research Unit on Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies, Higher Institute of Accounting and Administration of Aveiro, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalREMIT—Research on Economics, Management and Information Technologies, Department of Economics and Management, Universidade Portucalense, 4200-027 Porto, PortugalThis study aims to analyze the determinants of bank profitability in Angola by employing panel data econometric models, specifically, the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), to assess the impact of internal and external factors on the financial indicators ROE, ROA, and NIM for the period 2016 to 2023. The results reveal that credit risk, operational efficiency, and liquidity are critical determinants of banking performance. Effective credit risk management and cost optimization are essential for the sector’s stability. Banking concentration presents mixed effects, enhancing net interest income while potentially undermining efficiency. Economic growth supports profitability, whereas inflation exerts a negative influence. The COVID-19 pandemic worsened asset quality, increased credit risk, and led to a rise in non-performing loans and provisions. Reforms implemented by the National Bank of Angola have contributed to strengthening the banking system’s resilience through restructuring and regulatory improvements. The rise of digitalization and fintech presents opportunities to enhance financial inclusion and efficiency, although their success relies on advancing financial literacy. This study contributes to the literature by providing updated empirical evidence on the factors influencing bank profitability within an emerging economy’s distinctive institutional and economic context.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9091/13/7/123bank profitabilityAngolan banking sectorpanel data analysisfinancial performancebanking sector economicsemerging markets
spellingShingle Eurico Lionjanga Cangombe
Luís Gomes Almeida
Fernando Oliveira Tavares
Determinants of Banking Profitability in Angola: A Panel Data Analysis with Dynamic GMM Estimation
Risks
bank profitability
Angolan banking sector
panel data analysis
financial performance
banking sector economics
emerging markets
title Determinants of Banking Profitability in Angola: A Panel Data Analysis with Dynamic GMM Estimation
title_full Determinants of Banking Profitability in Angola: A Panel Data Analysis with Dynamic GMM Estimation
title_fullStr Determinants of Banking Profitability in Angola: A Panel Data Analysis with Dynamic GMM Estimation
title_full_unstemmed Determinants of Banking Profitability in Angola: A Panel Data Analysis with Dynamic GMM Estimation
title_short Determinants of Banking Profitability in Angola: A Panel Data Analysis with Dynamic GMM Estimation
title_sort determinants of banking profitability in angola a panel data analysis with dynamic gmm estimation
topic bank profitability
Angolan banking sector
panel data analysis
financial performance
banking sector economics
emerging markets
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9091/13/7/123
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AT luisgomesalmeida determinantsofbankingprofitabilityinangolaapaneldataanalysiswithdynamicgmmestimation
AT fernandooliveiratavares determinantsofbankingprofitabilityinangolaapaneldataanalysiswithdynamicgmmestimation