Advancements in Müller Glia Reprogramming: Pioneering Approaches for Retinal Neuron Regeneration
Müller glia exhibit a remarkable regenerative capacity in zebrafish through spontaneous reprogramming post-injury but remain limited in mammals. This review highlights the key mechanisms underlying Müller glia reprogramming, including gene regulatory networks, cytokine signaling, signal transduction...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-05-01
|
| Series: | Neuroglia |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6980/6/2/20 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849705712989503488 |
|---|---|
| author | Yuyan Zhou Song Qin Haixiang Wu |
| author_facet | Yuyan Zhou Song Qin Haixiang Wu |
| author_sort | Yuyan Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Müller glia exhibit a remarkable regenerative capacity in zebrafish through spontaneous reprogramming post-injury but remain limited in mammals. This review highlights the key mechanisms underlying Müller glia reprogramming, including gene regulatory networks, cytokine signaling, signal transduction pathways, epigenetic modifications, and transcriptional regulation. Cross-species analyses have uncovered conserved gene networks that suppress neurogenesis in mammals, while injury-induced transcriptional profiles reveal divergent regenerative strategies. Combinatorial approaches may enhance the reprogramming of mammalian Müller glia into functional neurons. Nevertheless, significant challenges remain, such as variability in the efficacy of direct reprogramming methods and the limited regeneration of cone photoreceptors, even in regenerative species. We conclude that targeting epigenetic barriers and species-specific regulatory pathways offers promising avenues for clinical translation in retinal disorders such as glaucoma and retinitis pigmentosa. Moving forward, research efforts should prioritize the functional integration of regenerated neurons and the development of standardized methodologies to accelerate therapeutic advancements. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d8384d5df41b40bab67c7075fcd56ac3 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2571-6980 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Neuroglia |
| spelling | doaj-art-d8384d5df41b40bab67c7075fcd56ac32025-08-20T03:16:24ZengMDPI AGNeuroglia2571-69802025-05-01622010.3390/neuroglia6020020Advancements in Müller Glia Reprogramming: Pioneering Approaches for Retinal Neuron RegenerationYuyan Zhou0Song Qin1Haixiang Wu2Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, ChinaDepartment of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, ChinaMüller glia exhibit a remarkable regenerative capacity in zebrafish through spontaneous reprogramming post-injury but remain limited in mammals. This review highlights the key mechanisms underlying Müller glia reprogramming, including gene regulatory networks, cytokine signaling, signal transduction pathways, epigenetic modifications, and transcriptional regulation. Cross-species analyses have uncovered conserved gene networks that suppress neurogenesis in mammals, while injury-induced transcriptional profiles reveal divergent regenerative strategies. Combinatorial approaches may enhance the reprogramming of mammalian Müller glia into functional neurons. Nevertheless, significant challenges remain, such as variability in the efficacy of direct reprogramming methods and the limited regeneration of cone photoreceptors, even in regenerative species. We conclude that targeting epigenetic barriers and species-specific regulatory pathways offers promising avenues for clinical translation in retinal disorders such as glaucoma and retinitis pigmentosa. Moving forward, research efforts should prioritize the functional integration of regenerated neurons and the development of standardized methodologies to accelerate therapeutic advancements.https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6980/6/2/20Müller gliareprogrammingdifferentiationretinal regenerationneuron |
| spellingShingle | Yuyan Zhou Song Qin Haixiang Wu Advancements in Müller Glia Reprogramming: Pioneering Approaches for Retinal Neuron Regeneration Neuroglia Müller glia reprogramming differentiation retinal regeneration neuron |
| title | Advancements in Müller Glia Reprogramming: Pioneering Approaches for Retinal Neuron Regeneration |
| title_full | Advancements in Müller Glia Reprogramming: Pioneering Approaches for Retinal Neuron Regeneration |
| title_fullStr | Advancements in Müller Glia Reprogramming: Pioneering Approaches for Retinal Neuron Regeneration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advancements in Müller Glia Reprogramming: Pioneering Approaches for Retinal Neuron Regeneration |
| title_short | Advancements in Müller Glia Reprogramming: Pioneering Approaches for Retinal Neuron Regeneration |
| title_sort | advancements in muller glia reprogramming pioneering approaches for retinal neuron regeneration |
| topic | Müller glia reprogramming differentiation retinal regeneration neuron |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6980/6/2/20 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yuyanzhou advancementsinmullergliareprogrammingpioneeringapproachesforretinalneuronregeneration AT songqin advancementsinmullergliareprogrammingpioneeringapproachesforretinalneuronregeneration AT haixiangwu advancementsinmullergliareprogrammingpioneeringapproachesforretinalneuronregeneration |