Associations of water intake and Intra-Meal fluid consumption with obesity, insulin resistance, and predictors of cardiovascular diseases among Iranian women
Abstract To evaluate the associations of water intake and Intra-Meal Fluid Consumption with obesity, insulin resistance, and predictors of cardiovascular diseases. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 371 women aged 20–50 years in Iran. Physical activity, biochemical, and anthropometric measur...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08313-7 |
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| author | Hanieh Moosavi Elnaz Daneshzad Mohammad Matin Mahjourian Nick Bellissimo Leila Azadbakht |
| author_facet | Hanieh Moosavi Elnaz Daneshzad Mohammad Matin Mahjourian Nick Bellissimo Leila Azadbakht |
| author_sort | Hanieh Moosavi |
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| description | Abstract To evaluate the associations of water intake and Intra-Meal Fluid Consumption with obesity, insulin resistance, and predictors of cardiovascular diseases. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 371 women aged 20–50 years in Iran. Physical activity, biochemical, and anthropometric measurements were collected. Dietary intake was collected using a 168-item food frequency questionnaire. Water intake was assessed through three non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls, and participants were classified into water intake tertiles, T1 (< 1.5 L/day), T2 (1.5–2.0 L/day), and T3 (> 2 L/day) based on recommended intake levels from the Institute of Medicine. Triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index, lipid accumulation product (LAP) index, Castelli risk indices 1 and 2 (CRI-I and CRI-II), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype were used as predictors of cardiovascular diseases. Women in the second and third tertiles of water intake had significantly lower body weight, BMI, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, and triglyceride levels compared to those in the lowest tertile (p < 0.05). Higher water intake was also associated with lower odds of TyG index (OR:0.51; 95%CI:0.32,0.81; p = 0.005), LAP index (OR:0.35; 95%CI:0.22,0.56; p < 0.001), CRI-I (OR:0.57, 95%CI:0.33,0.96; p = 0.031), AIP (OR:0.57; 95%CI: 0.36,0.91; p = 0.017), and hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype (OR:0.20; 95%CI:0.12,0.34; p < 0.001). Higher water intake may be associated with lower odds of obesity, fasting blood glucose, and predictors of cardiovascular disease in Iranian women. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d8359326bd6549699a517c48a99233da |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-d8359326bd6549699a517c48a99233da2025-08-20T03:37:30ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-011511910.1038/s41598-025-08313-7Associations of water intake and Intra-Meal fluid consumption with obesity, insulin resistance, and predictors of cardiovascular diseases among Iranian womenHanieh Moosavi0Elnaz Daneshzad1Mohammad Matin Mahjourian2Nick Bellissimo3Leila Azadbakht4Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)School of Nutrition, Toronto Metropolitan UniversityDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)Abstract To evaluate the associations of water intake and Intra-Meal Fluid Consumption with obesity, insulin resistance, and predictors of cardiovascular diseases. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 371 women aged 20–50 years in Iran. Physical activity, biochemical, and anthropometric measurements were collected. Dietary intake was collected using a 168-item food frequency questionnaire. Water intake was assessed through three non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls, and participants were classified into water intake tertiles, T1 (< 1.5 L/day), T2 (1.5–2.0 L/day), and T3 (> 2 L/day) based on recommended intake levels from the Institute of Medicine. Triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index, lipid accumulation product (LAP) index, Castelli risk indices 1 and 2 (CRI-I and CRI-II), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype were used as predictors of cardiovascular diseases. Women in the second and third tertiles of water intake had significantly lower body weight, BMI, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, and triglyceride levels compared to those in the lowest tertile (p < 0.05). Higher water intake was also associated with lower odds of TyG index (OR:0.51; 95%CI:0.32,0.81; p = 0.005), LAP index (OR:0.35; 95%CI:0.22,0.56; p < 0.001), CRI-I (OR:0.57, 95%CI:0.33,0.96; p = 0.031), AIP (OR:0.57; 95%CI: 0.36,0.91; p = 0.017), and hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype (OR:0.20; 95%CI:0.12,0.34; p < 0.001). Higher water intake may be associated with lower odds of obesity, fasting blood glucose, and predictors of cardiovascular disease in Iranian women.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08313-7WaterObesityTyG indexLAP indexCastelli risk indexAtherogenic index of plasma |
| spellingShingle | Hanieh Moosavi Elnaz Daneshzad Mohammad Matin Mahjourian Nick Bellissimo Leila Azadbakht Associations of water intake and Intra-Meal fluid consumption with obesity, insulin resistance, and predictors of cardiovascular diseases among Iranian women Scientific Reports Water Obesity TyG index LAP index Castelli risk index Atherogenic index of plasma |
| title | Associations of water intake and Intra-Meal fluid consumption with obesity, insulin resistance, and predictors of cardiovascular diseases among Iranian women |
| title_full | Associations of water intake and Intra-Meal fluid consumption with obesity, insulin resistance, and predictors of cardiovascular diseases among Iranian women |
| title_fullStr | Associations of water intake and Intra-Meal fluid consumption with obesity, insulin resistance, and predictors of cardiovascular diseases among Iranian women |
| title_full_unstemmed | Associations of water intake and Intra-Meal fluid consumption with obesity, insulin resistance, and predictors of cardiovascular diseases among Iranian women |
| title_short | Associations of water intake and Intra-Meal fluid consumption with obesity, insulin resistance, and predictors of cardiovascular diseases among Iranian women |
| title_sort | associations of water intake and intra meal fluid consumption with obesity insulin resistance and predictors of cardiovascular diseases among iranian women |
| topic | Water Obesity TyG index LAP index Castelli risk index Atherogenic index of plasma |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08313-7 |
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