Emergence of a New Pathogen: A Retrospective Study of HPeV-5 Central Nervous System Disease in Alberta, Canada

Human parechoviruses (HPeVs) are known to cause meningo-encephalitis among neonates and infants. We aimed to describe the epidemiology of HPeVs causing central nervous system infections in Alberta from 2014 to 2019 with comparison of known HPeV-3 and emerging HPeV-5. Genomic analysis was completed o...

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Main Authors: Grace George, Lea Restivo, Dolores Freire Jijon, Joan L. Robinson, Kevin Fonseca, Kanti Pabbaraju, Xiaoli Dong, Raymond Tellier, Tarah Lynch, Joseph V. Vayalumkal
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Viruses
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/11/1684
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author Grace George
Lea Restivo
Dolores Freire Jijon
Joan L. Robinson
Kevin Fonseca
Kanti Pabbaraju
Xiaoli Dong
Raymond Tellier
Tarah Lynch
Joseph V. Vayalumkal
author_facet Grace George
Lea Restivo
Dolores Freire Jijon
Joan L. Robinson
Kevin Fonseca
Kanti Pabbaraju
Xiaoli Dong
Raymond Tellier
Tarah Lynch
Joseph V. Vayalumkal
author_sort Grace George
collection DOAJ
description Human parechoviruses (HPeVs) are known to cause meningo-encephalitis among neonates and infants. We aimed to describe the epidemiology of HPeVs causing central nervous system infections in Alberta from 2014 to 2019 with comparison of known HPeV-3 and emerging HPeV-5. Genomic analysis was completed on a subset of HPeV-5 strains to understand genetic relatedness to other known strains. All cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples in Alberta with detection of HPeVs were identified and a case review of medical records was conducted, retrospectively, to gather demographic and clinical details. Descriptive and analytic statistics were used to describe and compare the characteristics of cases affected by HPeV-3 with HPeV-5. Genome amplification was completed on six HPeV-5 samples. During the study period, 18,882 CSF samples were tested; 56 were positive for HPeV-3 or HPeV-5, and 52 patients were included in this study (40 HPeV-3 cases and 12 HPeV-5). A total of 40% of cases occurred in 2016, and 64% of infections occurred in the months of August to October. The mean age of cases was 18 days for HPeV-5 compared with 26 days for HPeV-3 (<i>p</i> = 0.045). Phylogenetic comparison showed similarity to a recombinant strain reported in Australia. HPeV meningo-encephalitis affected neonates/infants, mostly in late summer/early fall, and genomic sequencing of new strains can contribute to understanding the epidemiology of HPeV infections globally.
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spelling doaj-art-d82b75ea4d9e40489b1c98bedbbb01ae2025-08-20T02:04:44ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152024-10-011611168410.3390/v16111684Emergence of a New Pathogen: A Retrospective Study of HPeV-5 Central Nervous System Disease in Alberta, CanadaGrace George0Lea Restivo1Dolores Freire Jijon2Joan L. Robinson3Kevin Fonseca4Kanti Pabbaraju5Xiaoli Dong6Raymond Tellier7Tarah Lynch8Joseph V. Vayalumkal9School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, CanadaDepartment of Pediatrics, Alberta Children’s Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, CanadaDepartment of Pediatrics, Stollery Children’s Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, CanadaDepartment of Pediatrics, Stollery Children’s Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, CanadaAlberta Precision Laboratories, Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Calgary, AB T2N 4W4, CanadaAlberta Precision Laboratories, Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Calgary, AB T2N 4W4, CanadaAlberta Precision Laboratories, Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Calgary, AB T2N 4W4, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, CanadaAlberta Precision Laboratories, Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Calgary, AB T2N 4W4, CanadaDepartment of Pediatrics, Alberta Children’s Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, CanadaHuman parechoviruses (HPeVs) are known to cause meningo-encephalitis among neonates and infants. We aimed to describe the epidemiology of HPeVs causing central nervous system infections in Alberta from 2014 to 2019 with comparison of known HPeV-3 and emerging HPeV-5. Genomic analysis was completed on a subset of HPeV-5 strains to understand genetic relatedness to other known strains. All cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples in Alberta with detection of HPeVs were identified and a case review of medical records was conducted, retrospectively, to gather demographic and clinical details. Descriptive and analytic statistics were used to describe and compare the characteristics of cases affected by HPeV-3 with HPeV-5. Genome amplification was completed on six HPeV-5 samples. During the study period, 18,882 CSF samples were tested; 56 were positive for HPeV-3 or HPeV-5, and 52 patients were included in this study (40 HPeV-3 cases and 12 HPeV-5). A total of 40% of cases occurred in 2016, and 64% of infections occurred in the months of August to October. The mean age of cases was 18 days for HPeV-5 compared with 26 days for HPeV-3 (<i>p</i> = 0.045). Phylogenetic comparison showed similarity to a recombinant strain reported in Australia. HPeV meningo-encephalitis affected neonates/infants, mostly in late summer/early fall, and genomic sequencing of new strains can contribute to understanding the epidemiology of HPeV infections globally.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/11/1684human parechovirusviral meningitisencephalitismeningo-encephalitispediatricsrecombinant
spellingShingle Grace George
Lea Restivo
Dolores Freire Jijon
Joan L. Robinson
Kevin Fonseca
Kanti Pabbaraju
Xiaoli Dong
Raymond Tellier
Tarah Lynch
Joseph V. Vayalumkal
Emergence of a New Pathogen: A Retrospective Study of HPeV-5 Central Nervous System Disease in Alberta, Canada
Viruses
human parechovirus
viral meningitis
encephalitis
meningo-encephalitis
pediatrics
recombinant
title Emergence of a New Pathogen: A Retrospective Study of HPeV-5 Central Nervous System Disease in Alberta, Canada
title_full Emergence of a New Pathogen: A Retrospective Study of HPeV-5 Central Nervous System Disease in Alberta, Canada
title_fullStr Emergence of a New Pathogen: A Retrospective Study of HPeV-5 Central Nervous System Disease in Alberta, Canada
title_full_unstemmed Emergence of a New Pathogen: A Retrospective Study of HPeV-5 Central Nervous System Disease in Alberta, Canada
title_short Emergence of a New Pathogen: A Retrospective Study of HPeV-5 Central Nervous System Disease in Alberta, Canada
title_sort emergence of a new pathogen a retrospective study of hpev 5 central nervous system disease in alberta canada
topic human parechovirus
viral meningitis
encephalitis
meningo-encephalitis
pediatrics
recombinant
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/11/1684
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