Optimizing compressive strength of foamed concrete using stepwise regression

Abstract Foamed concrete (FC) is distinguished by its unique properties and complex mixture design, which often necessitates extensive experimental trials to achieve target characteristics such as compressive strength (CS). Despite these challenges, numerical regression techniques have proven effect...

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Main Authors: Iman Kattoof Harith, Ehsan Elewy Salman, Mohammed L. Hussien, Ahmed Y. Mohammed, Wissam Nadir
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-06-01
Series:Discover Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06966-7
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author Iman Kattoof Harith
Ehsan Elewy Salman
Mohammed L. Hussien
Ahmed Y. Mohammed
Wissam Nadir
author_facet Iman Kattoof Harith
Ehsan Elewy Salman
Mohammed L. Hussien
Ahmed Y. Mohammed
Wissam Nadir
author_sort Iman Kattoof Harith
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Foamed concrete (FC) is distinguished by its unique properties and complex mixture design, which often necessitates extensive experimental trials to achieve target characteristics such as compressive strength (CS). Despite these challenges, numerical regression techniques have proven effective in predicting concrete properties. This research introduces the stepwise regression (SR) model as a dependable technique for forecasting the CS of FC at 28 days. The data needed for training and testing was sourced from a trustworthy database. During model training, 75% of the experimental data was utilized, with the remainder used for model validation. The model’s robustness was confirmed through sensitivity and stability analyses performed on a simulated dataset. The accuracy of the model’s predictions for the CS of FC was evaluated using metrics such as the coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean squared error (RMSE). The model achieved a high coefficient of determination (R2) of 97.59%, a low mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.45, and a low root mean squared error (RMSE) of 1.74. The study findings indicated that the proposed model demonstrated high precision in predicting the CS of FC. The prediction equation derived from the stepwise regression model emphasizes its significance and can be confidently utilized to predict the CS of FC. Graphical abstract
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issn 3004-9261
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spelling doaj-art-d811cb60f1a84ea1b17f1e784a42adc72025-08-20T03:10:35ZengSpringerDiscover Applied Sciences3004-92612025-06-017611910.1007/s42452-025-06966-7Optimizing compressive strength of foamed concrete using stepwise regressionIman Kattoof Harith0Ehsan Elewy Salman1Mohammed L. Hussien2Ahmed Y. Mohammed3Wissam Nadir4Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al- Qasim Green UniversityCivil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al- Qasim Green UniversityDepartment of Medical Physics College of Sciences, Al-Mustaqbal UniversityDams and Water Resources Engineering, University of MosulCivil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al- Qasim Green UniversityAbstract Foamed concrete (FC) is distinguished by its unique properties and complex mixture design, which often necessitates extensive experimental trials to achieve target characteristics such as compressive strength (CS). Despite these challenges, numerical regression techniques have proven effective in predicting concrete properties. This research introduces the stepwise regression (SR) model as a dependable technique for forecasting the CS of FC at 28 days. The data needed for training and testing was sourced from a trustworthy database. During model training, 75% of the experimental data was utilized, with the remainder used for model validation. The model’s robustness was confirmed through sensitivity and stability analyses performed on a simulated dataset. The accuracy of the model’s predictions for the CS of FC was evaluated using metrics such as the coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean squared error (RMSE). The model achieved a high coefficient of determination (R2) of 97.59%, a low mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.45, and a low root mean squared error (RMSE) of 1.74. The study findings indicated that the proposed model demonstrated high precision in predicting the CS of FC. The prediction equation derived from the stepwise regression model emphasizes its significance and can be confidently utilized to predict the CS of FC. Graphical abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06966-7Stepwise regressionFoamed concreteSensitivity analysisStability analysis
spellingShingle Iman Kattoof Harith
Ehsan Elewy Salman
Mohammed L. Hussien
Ahmed Y. Mohammed
Wissam Nadir
Optimizing compressive strength of foamed concrete using stepwise regression
Discover Applied Sciences
Stepwise regression
Foamed concrete
Sensitivity analysis
Stability analysis
title Optimizing compressive strength of foamed concrete using stepwise regression
title_full Optimizing compressive strength of foamed concrete using stepwise regression
title_fullStr Optimizing compressive strength of foamed concrete using stepwise regression
title_full_unstemmed Optimizing compressive strength of foamed concrete using stepwise regression
title_short Optimizing compressive strength of foamed concrete using stepwise regression
title_sort optimizing compressive strength of foamed concrete using stepwise regression
topic Stepwise regression
Foamed concrete
Sensitivity analysis
Stability analysis
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06966-7
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