Microstructure, Mechanical and Fractographic behaviour of the Diffusion Welded Joints of AA2219 and Ti-6Al-4V for aerospace applications

Diffusion welding is an advanced joining process that assures the feasibility of joining dissimilar metal alloys without producing metallurgical impurities at the joint interface. Two significant aerospace alloys, AA2219 and Ti-6Al-4V, are diffusion welded for the various holding times (30-120 minu...

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Main Authors: Manjunath Vatnalmath, V. Auradi, Bharath V Bharath, Anirudh Bharadwaj, Chetan Gowda, Madeva Nagaral
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Gruppo Italiano Frattura 2024-10-01
Series:Fracture and Structural Integrity
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Online Access:https://fracturae.com/index.php/fis/article/view/5071
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author Manjunath Vatnalmath
V. Auradi
Bharath V Bharath
Anirudh Bharadwaj
Chetan Gowda
Madeva Nagaral
author_facet Manjunath Vatnalmath
V. Auradi
Bharath V Bharath
Anirudh Bharadwaj
Chetan Gowda
Madeva Nagaral
author_sort Manjunath Vatnalmath
collection DOAJ
description Diffusion welding is an advanced joining process that assures the feasibility of joining dissimilar metal alloys without producing metallurgical impurities at the joint interface. Two significant aerospace alloys, AA2219 and Ti-6Al-4V, are diffusion welded for the various holding times (30-120 minutes) by keeping the bonding temperature and pressure constant. The effect of holding time on the microstructure of the diffusion welded joints is evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the diffusion behaviour across the joint interface is ensued by the line scan energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The obtained results show that the hardness across the joint interface is increased with increase in holding time. Furthermore, the maximum shear strength of 143.58 MPa is achieved for the joint formed at the holding time of 90 minutes and reduced thereafter. The formation of a thick intermetallic layer at a higher holding time strongly affects the shear strength. It is evident from the resulting fractured surfaces that the joints predominantly failed at the bonding interface, showcasing the brittle kind of failure. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) study on the fractured surfaces substantiates the formation of AlTi, Al2Ti and Al3Ti intermetallic compounds.
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publishDate 2024-10-01
publisher Gruppo Italiano Frattura
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series Fracture and Structural Integrity
spelling doaj-art-d80faf64fb954b818007adec8db2835a2025-08-20T03:23:52ZengGruppo Italiano FratturaFracture and Structural Integrity1971-89932024-10-011971Microstructure, Mechanical and Fractographic behaviour of the Diffusion Welded Joints of AA2219 and Ti-6Al-4V for aerospace applicationsManjunath Vatnalmath0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3138-9453V. Auradi1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6549-6340Bharath V Bharath2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6765-4728Anirudh Bharadwaj3https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5944-0957Chetan Gowda4https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2372-4233Madeva Nagaral5Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru-572103, Visvesvaraya Technological University Karnataka, IndiaDept. of Mechanical Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru-572103, Visvesvaraya Technological University Karnataka, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, RNS Institute of Technology, Bengaluru-560098, Visvesvaraya Technological University Karnataka, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, RNS Institute of Technology, Bengaluru-560098, Visvesvaraya Technological University Karnataka, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, RNS Institute of Technology, Bengaluru-560098, Visvesvaraya Technological University Karnataka, IndiaConfiguration and Mass Properties, Aircraft Research and Design Centre, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Bangalore 560037, Karnataka, India, Diffusion welding is an advanced joining process that assures the feasibility of joining dissimilar metal alloys without producing metallurgical impurities at the joint interface. Two significant aerospace alloys, AA2219 and Ti-6Al-4V, are diffusion welded for the various holding times (30-120 minutes) by keeping the bonding temperature and pressure constant. The effect of holding time on the microstructure of the diffusion welded joints is evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the diffusion behaviour across the joint interface is ensued by the line scan energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The obtained results show that the hardness across the joint interface is increased with increase in holding time. Furthermore, the maximum shear strength of 143.58 MPa is achieved for the joint formed at the holding time of 90 minutes and reduced thereafter. The formation of a thick intermetallic layer at a higher holding time strongly affects the shear strength. It is evident from the resulting fractured surfaces that the joints predominantly failed at the bonding interface, showcasing the brittle kind of failure. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) study on the fractured surfaces substantiates the formation of AlTi, Al2Ti and Al3Ti intermetallic compounds. https://fracturae.com/index.php/fis/article/view/5071AA2219Diffusion weldingMicrostructureInterfaceIntermetallicBrittle fracture
spellingShingle Manjunath Vatnalmath
V. Auradi
Bharath V Bharath
Anirudh Bharadwaj
Chetan Gowda
Madeva Nagaral
Microstructure, Mechanical and Fractographic behaviour of the Diffusion Welded Joints of AA2219 and Ti-6Al-4V for aerospace applications
Fracture and Structural Integrity
AA2219
Diffusion welding
Microstructure
Interface
Intermetallic
Brittle fracture
title Microstructure, Mechanical and Fractographic behaviour of the Diffusion Welded Joints of AA2219 and Ti-6Al-4V for aerospace applications
title_full Microstructure, Mechanical and Fractographic behaviour of the Diffusion Welded Joints of AA2219 and Ti-6Al-4V for aerospace applications
title_fullStr Microstructure, Mechanical and Fractographic behaviour of the Diffusion Welded Joints of AA2219 and Ti-6Al-4V for aerospace applications
title_full_unstemmed Microstructure, Mechanical and Fractographic behaviour of the Diffusion Welded Joints of AA2219 and Ti-6Al-4V for aerospace applications
title_short Microstructure, Mechanical and Fractographic behaviour of the Diffusion Welded Joints of AA2219 and Ti-6Al-4V for aerospace applications
title_sort microstructure mechanical and fractographic behaviour of the diffusion welded joints of aa2219 and ti 6al 4v for aerospace applications
topic AA2219
Diffusion welding
Microstructure
Interface
Intermetallic
Brittle fracture
url https://fracturae.com/index.php/fis/article/view/5071
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