Biochemical profiles of patients with COVID-19 during the first and second waves in Ethiopia

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Nasopharyngeal swabs (NP swabs) were used for patients with COVID-19 who demonstrated serious clinical symptoms and disturbances in biochemical parameters. The biochemical pr...

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Main Authors: Habtamu Abebe Getahun, Assefa Legesse, Diliab Desta, Ahmed Johar, Israel Bekele, Kebenesa Angasu, Samuel Hunegnaw, Nebiyou Simegnew, Minale Fekadie
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-12-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1426413/full
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author Habtamu Abebe Getahun
Assefa Legesse
Diliab Desta
Ahmed Johar
Israel Bekele
Kebenesa Angasu
Samuel Hunegnaw
Nebiyou Simegnew
Minale Fekadie
author_facet Habtamu Abebe Getahun
Assefa Legesse
Diliab Desta
Ahmed Johar
Israel Bekele
Kebenesa Angasu
Samuel Hunegnaw
Nebiyou Simegnew
Minale Fekadie
author_sort Habtamu Abebe Getahun
collection DOAJ
description Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Nasopharyngeal swabs (NP swabs) were used for patients with COVID-19 who demonstrated serious clinical symptoms and disturbances in biochemical parameters. The biochemical profiles of these patients remain ambiguous and differ from wave to wave of COVID-19 infections. Herein, we conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study with 538 patients with COVID-19 at six COVID-19 treatment centers in Ethiopia. Professional data collectors collected the data. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, and independent t-tests and chi-square tests were used to assess the relationships between the continuous and categorical variables across waves, respectively. In total, 240 and 298 patients were included from the first and second waves, respectively. Men and individuals aged 53–69 years were more likely to be infected in each wave. The mean alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.001) and sodium levels (p = 0.035) significantly differed between patients across the two waves of COVID-19; the significant difference in the alkaline phosphatase levels of patients between the two waves was −45.425. All the symptoms of COVID-19 were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with the waves of the pandemic. Patients in both waves had no chronic disease comorbidities. This study showed that the mean alkaline phosphatase and sodium levels differed significantly across the first two waves of the pandemic at six COVID-19 treatment centers in Ethiopia while all clinical symptoms of COVID-19 were associated with the first two waves of the pandemic.
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spelling doaj-art-d8059097f38e4ab8a3919d9a78ac2e342025-08-20T02:38:33ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242024-12-011510.3389/fimmu.2024.14264131426413Biochemical profiles of patients with COVID-19 during the first and second waves in EthiopiaHabtamu Abebe Getahun0Assefa Legesse1Diliab Desta2Ahmed Johar3Israel Bekele4Kebenesa Angasu5Samuel Hunegnaw6Nebiyou Simegnew7Minale Fekadie8Department of Epidemiology, Public Health Faculty, Institute of Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, EthiopiaDepartment of Epidemiology, Public Health Faculty, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, EthiopiaDepartment of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, EthiopiaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, EthiopiaSchool of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, EthiopiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, EthiopiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, EthiopiaDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, EthiopiaDepartment of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, EthiopiaCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Nasopharyngeal swabs (NP swabs) were used for patients with COVID-19 who demonstrated serious clinical symptoms and disturbances in biochemical parameters. The biochemical profiles of these patients remain ambiguous and differ from wave to wave of COVID-19 infections. Herein, we conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study with 538 patients with COVID-19 at six COVID-19 treatment centers in Ethiopia. Professional data collectors collected the data. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, and independent t-tests and chi-square tests were used to assess the relationships between the continuous and categorical variables across waves, respectively. In total, 240 and 298 patients were included from the first and second waves, respectively. Men and individuals aged 53–69 years were more likely to be infected in each wave. The mean alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.001) and sodium levels (p = 0.035) significantly differed between patients across the two waves of COVID-19; the significant difference in the alkaline phosphatase levels of patients between the two waves was −45.425. All the symptoms of COVID-19 were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with the waves of the pandemic. Patients in both waves had no chronic disease comorbidities. This study showed that the mean alkaline phosphatase and sodium levels differed significantly across the first two waves of the pandemic at six COVID-19 treatment centers in Ethiopia while all clinical symptoms of COVID-19 were associated with the first two waves of the pandemic.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1426413/fullbiochemical profileswavesCOVID-19patientsEthiopia
spellingShingle Habtamu Abebe Getahun
Assefa Legesse
Diliab Desta
Ahmed Johar
Israel Bekele
Kebenesa Angasu
Samuel Hunegnaw
Nebiyou Simegnew
Minale Fekadie
Biochemical profiles of patients with COVID-19 during the first and second waves in Ethiopia
Frontiers in Immunology
biochemical profiles
waves
COVID-19
patients
Ethiopia
title Biochemical profiles of patients with COVID-19 during the first and second waves in Ethiopia
title_full Biochemical profiles of patients with COVID-19 during the first and second waves in Ethiopia
title_fullStr Biochemical profiles of patients with COVID-19 during the first and second waves in Ethiopia
title_full_unstemmed Biochemical profiles of patients with COVID-19 during the first and second waves in Ethiopia
title_short Biochemical profiles of patients with COVID-19 during the first and second waves in Ethiopia
title_sort biochemical profiles of patients with covid 19 during the first and second waves in ethiopia
topic biochemical profiles
waves
COVID-19
patients
Ethiopia
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1426413/full
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