Maximal Forced Inspiratory Flow Dynamics and Acute Exacerbation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients with Exacerbation History

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by progressive airflow obstruction and frequent exacerbations, is a significant global health burden. COPD severity has traditionally been assessed using expiratory flow measurements, like forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Ho...

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Main Authors: Heemoon Park, Jung-Kyu Lee, Eun Young Heo, Deog Kyeom Kim, Hyun Woo Lee
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 2025-07-01
Series:Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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Online Access:http://e-trd.org/upload/pdf/trd-2024-0156.pdf
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author Heemoon Park
Jung-Kyu Lee
Eun Young Heo
Deog Kyeom Kim
Hyun Woo Lee
author_facet Heemoon Park
Jung-Kyu Lee
Eun Young Heo
Deog Kyeom Kim
Hyun Woo Lee
author_sort Heemoon Park
collection DOAJ
description Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by progressive airflow obstruction and frequent exacerbations, is a significant global health burden. COPD severity has traditionally been assessed using expiratory flow measurements, like forced expiratory volume in 1 second. However, the role of inspiratory flow, specifically maximal forced inspiratory flow (FIFmax), in predicting exacerbation risk is gaining attention. Methods This retrospective cohort study evaluated COPD patients with a history of exacerbations who were receiving inhaled therapy. The eligible patients were followed up for 3 years with spirometric assessments. Patients were categorized into quartiles based on the annual change in FIFmax, from the greatest decrease (Q1) to the greatest increase (Q4). Primary outcome was acute exacerbation, stratified by severity as moderate-to-severe and severe exacerbation. Results In total, 180 patients were followed up for 3 years. A greater increase in FIFmax was linearly associated with lower rates of both moderate-to-severe and severe exacerbations (p-value for trend <0.001 for both), but time-to-event analysis revealed no significant association between FIFmax changes and moderate-to-severe exacerbations. In contrast, a significant association with severe exacerbations was observed (log-rank p=0.005). Even after adjusting for confounders, FIFmax remained an independent predictor of severe exacerbations (Q3: hazard ratio, 0.506 [95% confidence interval, 0.306 to 0.836], p=0.008; Q4: hazard ratio, 0.491 [95% confidence interval, 0.291 to 0.830], p=0.008). Conclusion Changes in FIFmax were not significantly associated with moderate-to-severe exacerbations, but were related to a reduced risk of severe exacerbations in COPD patients receiving inhaled therapy. These findings indicate that FIFmax may serve as a valuable prognostic marker for severe exacerbations in high-risk COPD patients.
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spelling doaj-art-d7fa5d8920b54d98956d7797d7ac0c942025-08-20T03:33:14ZengThe Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory DiseasesTuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases1738-35362005-61842025-07-0188353554410.4046/trd.2024.01564938Maximal Forced Inspiratory Flow Dynamics and Acute Exacerbation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients with Exacerbation HistoryHeemoon Park0Jung-Kyu Lee1Eun Young Heo2Deog Kyeom Kim3Hyun Woo Lee4 Division of Respiratory and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea Division of Respiratory and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea Division of Respiratory and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea Division of Respiratory and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea Division of Respiratory and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of KoreaBackground Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by progressive airflow obstruction and frequent exacerbations, is a significant global health burden. COPD severity has traditionally been assessed using expiratory flow measurements, like forced expiratory volume in 1 second. However, the role of inspiratory flow, specifically maximal forced inspiratory flow (FIFmax), in predicting exacerbation risk is gaining attention. Methods This retrospective cohort study evaluated COPD patients with a history of exacerbations who were receiving inhaled therapy. The eligible patients were followed up for 3 years with spirometric assessments. Patients were categorized into quartiles based on the annual change in FIFmax, from the greatest decrease (Q1) to the greatest increase (Q4). Primary outcome was acute exacerbation, stratified by severity as moderate-to-severe and severe exacerbation. Results In total, 180 patients were followed up for 3 years. A greater increase in FIFmax was linearly associated with lower rates of both moderate-to-severe and severe exacerbations (p-value for trend <0.001 for both), but time-to-event analysis revealed no significant association between FIFmax changes and moderate-to-severe exacerbations. In contrast, a significant association with severe exacerbations was observed (log-rank p=0.005). Even after adjusting for confounders, FIFmax remained an independent predictor of severe exacerbations (Q3: hazard ratio, 0.506 [95% confidence interval, 0.306 to 0.836], p=0.008; Q4: hazard ratio, 0.491 [95% confidence interval, 0.291 to 0.830], p=0.008). Conclusion Changes in FIFmax were not significantly associated with moderate-to-severe exacerbations, but were related to a reduced risk of severe exacerbations in COPD patients receiving inhaled therapy. These findings indicate that FIFmax may serve as a valuable prognostic marker for severe exacerbations in high-risk COPD patients.http://e-trd.org/upload/pdf/trd-2024-0156.pdfpulmonary disease, chronic obstructiveinspirationrespiratory mechanicsrespiratory function testssymptom flare-up
spellingShingle Heemoon Park
Jung-Kyu Lee
Eun Young Heo
Deog Kyeom Kim
Hyun Woo Lee
Maximal Forced Inspiratory Flow Dynamics and Acute Exacerbation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients with Exacerbation History
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive
inspiration
respiratory mechanics
respiratory function tests
symptom flare-up
title Maximal Forced Inspiratory Flow Dynamics and Acute Exacerbation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients with Exacerbation History
title_full Maximal Forced Inspiratory Flow Dynamics and Acute Exacerbation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients with Exacerbation History
title_fullStr Maximal Forced Inspiratory Flow Dynamics and Acute Exacerbation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients with Exacerbation History
title_full_unstemmed Maximal Forced Inspiratory Flow Dynamics and Acute Exacerbation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients with Exacerbation History
title_short Maximal Forced Inspiratory Flow Dynamics and Acute Exacerbation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients with Exacerbation History
title_sort maximal forced inspiratory flow dynamics and acute exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with exacerbation history
topic pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive
inspiration
respiratory mechanics
respiratory function tests
symptom flare-up
url http://e-trd.org/upload/pdf/trd-2024-0156.pdf
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