False-Alarm-Controllable Detection of Marine Small Targets via Improved Concave Hull Classifier

In this paper, a new-brand feature-based detector via an improved concave hull classifier (FB-ICHC) is proposed to detect marine small targets. The dimension of feature space is suggested to be three, making a compromise between high detection accuracy and low computational cost. The main contributi...

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Main Authors: Sainan Shi, Jiajun Wang, Jie Wang, Tao Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Remote Sensing
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/11/1808
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author Sainan Shi
Jiajun Wang
Jie Wang
Tao Li
author_facet Sainan Shi
Jiajun Wang
Jie Wang
Tao Li
author_sort Sainan Shi
collection DOAJ
description In this paper, a new-brand feature-based detector via an improved concave hull classifier (FB-ICHC) is proposed to detect marine small targets. The dimension of feature space is suggested to be three, making a compromise between high detection accuracy and low computational cost. The main contributions are in the following two aspects. On the one hand, three features are well-designed from time series and Doppler spectrum, called relative phase zero ratio (RPZR), relative variation coefficient (RCV), and whitened peak height ratio (WPHR). RPZR can measure the pseudo-period properties in phase time series, insensitive to SCRs. In the Doppler spectrum, RCV reflects fluctuation variation in high SCR cases and WPHR describes the intensity property after clutter suppression in low SCR cases. On the other hand, in 3D feature space, an improved concave hull classifier is developed to further shrink the decision region, where a fast two-stage parameter search is designed for low computational cost and accurate control of false alarm rate. Finally, experimental results using open-recognized datasets show that the proposed FB-ICHC detector can improve detection performance by over 20% and reduce runtime by over 49%, compared with existing feature-based detectors with three features.
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spelling doaj-art-d7f242b39f7a4a71ac14bbdefe41b31c2025-08-20T02:23:44ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-05-011711180810.3390/rs17111808False-Alarm-Controllable Detection of Marine Small Targets via Improved Concave Hull ClassifierSainan Shi0Jiajun Wang1Jie Wang2Tao Li3School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaSchool of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaSchool of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaSchool of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaIn this paper, a new-brand feature-based detector via an improved concave hull classifier (FB-ICHC) is proposed to detect marine small targets. The dimension of feature space is suggested to be three, making a compromise between high detection accuracy and low computational cost. The main contributions are in the following two aspects. On the one hand, three features are well-designed from time series and Doppler spectrum, called relative phase zero ratio (RPZR), relative variation coefficient (RCV), and whitened peak height ratio (WPHR). RPZR can measure the pseudo-period properties in phase time series, insensitive to SCRs. In the Doppler spectrum, RCV reflects fluctuation variation in high SCR cases and WPHR describes the intensity property after clutter suppression in low SCR cases. On the other hand, in 3D feature space, an improved concave hull classifier is developed to further shrink the decision region, where a fast two-stage parameter search is designed for low computational cost and accurate control of false alarm rate. Finally, experimental results using open-recognized datasets show that the proposed FB-ICHC detector can improve detection performance by over 20% and reduce runtime by over 49%, compared with existing feature-based detectors with three features.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/11/1808sea cluttersmall target detectionfeature extractionconcave hull classifier
spellingShingle Sainan Shi
Jiajun Wang
Jie Wang
Tao Li
False-Alarm-Controllable Detection of Marine Small Targets via Improved Concave Hull Classifier
Remote Sensing
sea clutter
small target detection
feature extraction
concave hull classifier
title False-Alarm-Controllable Detection of Marine Small Targets via Improved Concave Hull Classifier
title_full False-Alarm-Controllable Detection of Marine Small Targets via Improved Concave Hull Classifier
title_fullStr False-Alarm-Controllable Detection of Marine Small Targets via Improved Concave Hull Classifier
title_full_unstemmed False-Alarm-Controllable Detection of Marine Small Targets via Improved Concave Hull Classifier
title_short False-Alarm-Controllable Detection of Marine Small Targets via Improved Concave Hull Classifier
title_sort false alarm controllable detection of marine small targets via improved concave hull classifier
topic sea clutter
small target detection
feature extraction
concave hull classifier
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/11/1808
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AT jiajunwang falsealarmcontrollabledetectionofmarinesmalltargetsviaimprovedconcavehullclassifier
AT jiewang falsealarmcontrollabledetectionofmarinesmalltargetsviaimprovedconcavehullclassifier
AT taoli falsealarmcontrollabledetectionofmarinesmalltargetsviaimprovedconcavehullclassifier