Allelopathy and underlying mechanism of mango (Mangifera indica) peel extracts on Alexandrium catenella

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have always been a worldwide environmental issue. The methods based on the principle of allelopathy provide a novel direction for controlling HABs; however, there are a few studies on the application of allelopathic algaecides to control harmful algae in marine environmen...

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Main Authors: Yanqun Wang, Yu Zang, Wenxi Zhao, Mengxue Xu, Jie Bai, Li Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-11-01
Series:Frontiers in Plant Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1510692/full
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author Yanqun Wang
Yanqun Wang
Yu Zang
Wenxi Zhao
Mengxue Xu
Jie Bai
Li Li
author_facet Yanqun Wang
Yanqun Wang
Yu Zang
Wenxi Zhao
Mengxue Xu
Jie Bai
Li Li
author_sort Yanqun Wang
collection DOAJ
description Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have always been a worldwide environmental issue. The methods based on the principle of allelopathy provide a novel direction for controlling HABs; however, there are a few studies on the application of allelopathic algaecides to control harmful algae in marine environments. Here we examined the algicidal capacity of 15 fruit peel extracts with biological activity on Alexandrium catenella. The results displayed that the mango peel extracts (MPE) showed efficient inhibition on species growth. The algicidal rate reached 93.32 ± 0.56% at 96 h after adding 5 g/L MPE to the culture medium of A. catenella. Furthermore, we found that the expression of key genes involved in PSII and PSI was downregulated as well as obstructed the electron transportation in the light reaction process and the synthesis of organic matter. The blocked photosynthetic chain induced the accumulation of substantial reactive oxygen species, resulting in severe peroxidation of the membrane lipids. Simultaneously, the expression pattern of key genes involved in the fatty acid, amino acid, and peroxisome breakdown pathways was upregulated, which suggested that the synthesis and decomposition of intracellular organic matter may be in an imbalanced state. The results above indicated that oxidative damage and energy metabolism disequilibrium are two key pathways by which MPE induced algal cell death. Furthermore, several kinds of active substances and their proportion in MPE had been identified by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. It is speculated that esters may be the important component playing an algicidal effect. However, the specific substance that plays a key role in inhibiting the growth of A. catenella and the algicidal mechanism remain to be further studied. This study might provide a new direction in the management of HABs in the future.
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spelling doaj-art-d7edbcb5e4da43acad55bc04a84712712025-08-20T01:53:30ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2024-11-011510.3389/fpls.2024.15106921510692Allelopathy and underlying mechanism of mango (Mangifera indica) peel extracts on Alexandrium catenellaYanqun Wang0Yanqun Wang1Yu Zang2Wenxi Zhao3Mengxue Xu4Jie Bai5Li Li6State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, ChinaResearch Center of Marine Ecology, First Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Qingdao, ChinaInstitute of Marine Germplasm Resources, Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao, ChinaInstitute of Marine Germplasm Resources, Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, ChinaInstitute of Marine Germplasm Resources, Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao, ChinaHarmful algal blooms (HABs) have always been a worldwide environmental issue. The methods based on the principle of allelopathy provide a novel direction for controlling HABs; however, there are a few studies on the application of allelopathic algaecides to control harmful algae in marine environments. Here we examined the algicidal capacity of 15 fruit peel extracts with biological activity on Alexandrium catenella. The results displayed that the mango peel extracts (MPE) showed efficient inhibition on species growth. The algicidal rate reached 93.32 ± 0.56% at 96 h after adding 5 g/L MPE to the culture medium of A. catenella. Furthermore, we found that the expression of key genes involved in PSII and PSI was downregulated as well as obstructed the electron transportation in the light reaction process and the synthesis of organic matter. The blocked photosynthetic chain induced the accumulation of substantial reactive oxygen species, resulting in severe peroxidation of the membrane lipids. Simultaneously, the expression pattern of key genes involved in the fatty acid, amino acid, and peroxisome breakdown pathways was upregulated, which suggested that the synthesis and decomposition of intracellular organic matter may be in an imbalanced state. The results above indicated that oxidative damage and energy metabolism disequilibrium are two key pathways by which MPE induced algal cell death. Furthermore, several kinds of active substances and their proportion in MPE had been identified by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. It is speculated that esters may be the important component playing an algicidal effect. However, the specific substance that plays a key role in inhibiting the growth of A. catenella and the algicidal mechanism remain to be further studied. This study might provide a new direction in the management of HABs in the future.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1510692/fullharmful algal bloomsAlexandrium catenellaallelopathymango peel extractsalgicidal mechanism
spellingShingle Yanqun Wang
Yanqun Wang
Yu Zang
Wenxi Zhao
Mengxue Xu
Jie Bai
Li Li
Allelopathy and underlying mechanism of mango (Mangifera indica) peel extracts on Alexandrium catenella
Frontiers in Plant Science
harmful algal blooms
Alexandrium catenella
allelopathy
mango peel extracts
algicidal mechanism
title Allelopathy and underlying mechanism of mango (Mangifera indica) peel extracts on Alexandrium catenella
title_full Allelopathy and underlying mechanism of mango (Mangifera indica) peel extracts on Alexandrium catenella
title_fullStr Allelopathy and underlying mechanism of mango (Mangifera indica) peel extracts on Alexandrium catenella
title_full_unstemmed Allelopathy and underlying mechanism of mango (Mangifera indica) peel extracts on Alexandrium catenella
title_short Allelopathy and underlying mechanism of mango (Mangifera indica) peel extracts on Alexandrium catenella
title_sort allelopathy and underlying mechanism of mango mangifera indica peel extracts on alexandrium catenella
topic harmful algal blooms
Alexandrium catenella
allelopathy
mango peel extracts
algicidal mechanism
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1510692/full
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