Barriers and strategies to improve vaccine adverse events reporting: views from health workers and managers in Northern Ghana

Background The increasing incidence of novel vaccine-preventable diseases, such as COVID-19, has led to an increase in the development of vaccines globally. Vaccine hesitancy has risen due to fears of vaccines causing harm. African health systems have generally relied on spontaneous reporting of adv...

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Main Authors: Daniel Weibel, Abraham Oduro, Miriam Sturkenboom, Nana Akosua Ansah, Samuel Tomilola Oladokun, Enyonam Duah, Patrick Ansah, Samuel Tamti Chatio, Marieke Hollestelle
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2025-04-01
Series:BMJ Public Health
Online Access:https://bmjpublichealth.bmj.com/content/3/1/e001464.full
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author Daniel Weibel
Abraham Oduro
Miriam Sturkenboom
Nana Akosua Ansah
Samuel Tomilola Oladokun
Enyonam Duah
Patrick Ansah
Samuel Tamti Chatio
Marieke Hollestelle
author_facet Daniel Weibel
Abraham Oduro
Miriam Sturkenboom
Nana Akosua Ansah
Samuel Tomilola Oladokun
Enyonam Duah
Patrick Ansah
Samuel Tamti Chatio
Marieke Hollestelle
author_sort Daniel Weibel
collection DOAJ
description Background The increasing incidence of novel vaccine-preventable diseases, such as COVID-19, has led to an increase in the development of vaccines globally. Vaccine hesitancy has risen due to fears of vaccines causing harm. African health systems have generally relied on spontaneous reporting of adverse events following immunisation (AEFIs) to monitor vaccine safety.Objectives This study explored the views of healthcare professionals and managers regarding barriers and strategies to improve AEFI reporting in northern Ghana.Methods This study used a qualitative research design where in-depth interviews were conducted with health professionals and managers in five administrative regions in northern Ghana between March and August 2021. The purposive sampling method was used to select districts and participants. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and coded into themes using QSR NVivo V.12 software before thematic content analysis.Results The study found that lack of feedback is the main regulatory-level factor affecting reporting adverse events. Health system-level factors, such as limited knowledge of reporting AEFIs, a lack of training, difficulties in using electronic application software to complete AEFI forms, and fear of punishment, significantly affect AEFI reporting. At the patient/community level, the main factors affecting AEFI reporting are the distance to health facilities and transportation costs. However, participants suggested continuous AEFI education, sensitisation of health workers and patients, timely feedback, and effective stakeholder collaboration among front-line health workers, health managers, and the national pharmacovigilance authority could improve AEFI reporting in Ghana.Conclusions Reporting of AEFIs contributes to improving vaccine safety, surveillance systems and prompt case management. However, the study identified multiple key factors at the regulatory, health system, and patient levels affecting AEFI reporting. Thus, improvements in line with these suggestions, including effective stakeholder engagement, are necessary to increase AEFI reporting.
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spelling doaj-art-d7e2e6b587bb40e2976e8db4fad349062025-08-20T02:44:42ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Public Health2753-42942025-04-013110.1136/bmjph-2024-001464Barriers and strategies to improve vaccine adverse events reporting: views from health workers and managers in Northern GhanaDaniel Weibel0Abraham Oduro1Miriam Sturkenboom2Nana Akosua Ansah3Samuel Tomilola Oladokun4Enyonam Duah5Patrick Ansah6Samuel Tamti Chatio7Marieke Hollestelle8UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Utrecht, NetherlandsResearch and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghanaassociate professorNavrongo Health Research Centre, Navrongo, GhanaNavrongo Health Research Centre, Navrongo, GhanaNavrongo Health Research Centre, Navrongo, GhanaNavrongo Health Research Centre, Navrongo, GhanaNavrongo Health Research Centre, Navrongo, GhanaUMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Utrecht, NetherlandsBackground The increasing incidence of novel vaccine-preventable diseases, such as COVID-19, has led to an increase in the development of vaccines globally. Vaccine hesitancy has risen due to fears of vaccines causing harm. African health systems have generally relied on spontaneous reporting of adverse events following immunisation (AEFIs) to monitor vaccine safety.Objectives This study explored the views of healthcare professionals and managers regarding barriers and strategies to improve AEFI reporting in northern Ghana.Methods This study used a qualitative research design where in-depth interviews were conducted with health professionals and managers in five administrative regions in northern Ghana between March and August 2021. The purposive sampling method was used to select districts and participants. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and coded into themes using QSR NVivo V.12 software before thematic content analysis.Results The study found that lack of feedback is the main regulatory-level factor affecting reporting adverse events. Health system-level factors, such as limited knowledge of reporting AEFIs, a lack of training, difficulties in using electronic application software to complete AEFI forms, and fear of punishment, significantly affect AEFI reporting. At the patient/community level, the main factors affecting AEFI reporting are the distance to health facilities and transportation costs. However, participants suggested continuous AEFI education, sensitisation of health workers and patients, timely feedback, and effective stakeholder collaboration among front-line health workers, health managers, and the national pharmacovigilance authority could improve AEFI reporting in Ghana.Conclusions Reporting of AEFIs contributes to improving vaccine safety, surveillance systems and prompt case management. However, the study identified multiple key factors at the regulatory, health system, and patient levels affecting AEFI reporting. Thus, improvements in line with these suggestions, including effective stakeholder engagement, are necessary to increase AEFI reporting.https://bmjpublichealth.bmj.com/content/3/1/e001464.full
spellingShingle Daniel Weibel
Abraham Oduro
Miriam Sturkenboom
Nana Akosua Ansah
Samuel Tomilola Oladokun
Enyonam Duah
Patrick Ansah
Samuel Tamti Chatio
Marieke Hollestelle
Barriers and strategies to improve vaccine adverse events reporting: views from health workers and managers in Northern Ghana
BMJ Public Health
title Barriers and strategies to improve vaccine adverse events reporting: views from health workers and managers in Northern Ghana
title_full Barriers and strategies to improve vaccine adverse events reporting: views from health workers and managers in Northern Ghana
title_fullStr Barriers and strategies to improve vaccine adverse events reporting: views from health workers and managers in Northern Ghana
title_full_unstemmed Barriers and strategies to improve vaccine adverse events reporting: views from health workers and managers in Northern Ghana
title_short Barriers and strategies to improve vaccine adverse events reporting: views from health workers and managers in Northern Ghana
title_sort barriers and strategies to improve vaccine adverse events reporting views from health workers and managers in northern ghana
url https://bmjpublichealth.bmj.com/content/3/1/e001464.full
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