Foliar application of nano NPK fertilizer improves physiological activities and essential oil production in Coleus aromaticus Benth. (Ajwain Patta)

Coleus aromaticus Benth. (commonly known as Ajwain Patta) is an important aromatic plant valued for its essential oils, which possess notable therapeutic properties and substantial commercial relevance in the food and cosmetic industries. The present study evaluates the foliar application of Nano NP...

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Main Authors: Sufina Akhter, Sana, Tariq Aftab, M. Masroor A. Khan, M. Naeem
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:Plant Nano Biology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773111125000270
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author Sufina Akhter
Sana
Tariq Aftab
M. Masroor A. Khan
M. Naeem
author_facet Sufina Akhter
Sana
Tariq Aftab
M. Masroor A. Khan
M. Naeem
author_sort Sufina Akhter
collection DOAJ
description Coleus aromaticus Benth. (commonly known as Ajwain Patta) is an important aromatic plant valued for its essential oils, which possess notable therapeutic properties and substantial commercial relevance in the food and cosmetic industries. The present study evaluates the foliar application of Nano NPK fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium 19:19:19) and its efficacy in improving the agronomic performance of C. aromaticus. Three concentrations (2, 4, and 6 g L−1) of Nano NPK were applied to the foliage of C. aromaticus, resulting in significant improvements in various growth traits and physiological parameters. These included enhanced photosynthetic efficiency, increased levels of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids), elevated nitrate reductase (NR) activity, accumulation of secondary metabolites, and increased essential oil (EO) content and yield. The optimum concentration of Nano NPK (6 g L−1) resulted in a 31.4 % increase in NR activity and 49.1 % and 51.7 % increases in total phenolic and flavonoid content, respectively, compared to the control plants. Furthermore, essential oil content and yield increased markedly by 140 % and 234 %, respectively, under this treatment, demonstrating that Nano NPK effectively stimulates secondary metabolism in medicinal plants. Overall, the findings indicate that foliar supplementation with Nano NPK fertilizer significantly enhances plant growth and physiological functions, while also offering a sustainable and efficient strategy to boost essential oil production in C. aromaticus, thereby increasing its commercial potential.
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spelling doaj-art-d7d936368b2c4951af3a40bfb87b0c552025-08-20T02:36:06ZengElsevierPlant Nano Biology2773-11112025-05-011210016010.1016/j.plana.2025.100160Foliar application of nano NPK fertilizer improves physiological activities and essential oil production in Coleus aromaticus Benth. (Ajwain Patta)Sufina Akhter0 Sana1Tariq Aftab2M. Masroor A. Khan3M. Naeem4Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 IndiaPlant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 IndiaPlant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 IndiaPlant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 IndiaCorresponding author.; Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 IndiaColeus aromaticus Benth. (commonly known as Ajwain Patta) is an important aromatic plant valued for its essential oils, which possess notable therapeutic properties and substantial commercial relevance in the food and cosmetic industries. The present study evaluates the foliar application of Nano NPK fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium 19:19:19) and its efficacy in improving the agronomic performance of C. aromaticus. Three concentrations (2, 4, and 6 g L−1) of Nano NPK were applied to the foliage of C. aromaticus, resulting in significant improvements in various growth traits and physiological parameters. These included enhanced photosynthetic efficiency, increased levels of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids), elevated nitrate reductase (NR) activity, accumulation of secondary metabolites, and increased essential oil (EO) content and yield. The optimum concentration of Nano NPK (6 g L−1) resulted in a 31.4 % increase in NR activity and 49.1 % and 51.7 % increases in total phenolic and flavonoid content, respectively, compared to the control plants. Furthermore, essential oil content and yield increased markedly by 140 % and 234 %, respectively, under this treatment, demonstrating that Nano NPK effectively stimulates secondary metabolism in medicinal plants. Overall, the findings indicate that foliar supplementation with Nano NPK fertilizer significantly enhances plant growth and physiological functions, while also offering a sustainable and efficient strategy to boost essential oil production in C. aromaticus, thereby increasing its commercial potential.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773111125000270Nano fertilizersCrop productivityPhysiological attributesSecondary metabolitesEssential oil
spellingShingle Sufina Akhter
Sana
Tariq Aftab
M. Masroor A. Khan
M. Naeem
Foliar application of nano NPK fertilizer improves physiological activities and essential oil production in Coleus aromaticus Benth. (Ajwain Patta)
Plant Nano Biology
Nano fertilizers
Crop productivity
Physiological attributes
Secondary metabolites
Essential oil
title Foliar application of nano NPK fertilizer improves physiological activities and essential oil production in Coleus aromaticus Benth. (Ajwain Patta)
title_full Foliar application of nano NPK fertilizer improves physiological activities and essential oil production in Coleus aromaticus Benth. (Ajwain Patta)
title_fullStr Foliar application of nano NPK fertilizer improves physiological activities and essential oil production in Coleus aromaticus Benth. (Ajwain Patta)
title_full_unstemmed Foliar application of nano NPK fertilizer improves physiological activities and essential oil production in Coleus aromaticus Benth. (Ajwain Patta)
title_short Foliar application of nano NPK fertilizer improves physiological activities and essential oil production in Coleus aromaticus Benth. (Ajwain Patta)
title_sort foliar application of nano npk fertilizer improves physiological activities and essential oil production in coleus aromaticus benth ajwain patta
topic Nano fertilizers
Crop productivity
Physiological attributes
Secondary metabolites
Essential oil
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773111125000270
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